پديد آورندگان :
افتخاري، عبدالرضا ركن الدين نويسنده Eftekhari, A.R. , پورطاهري، مهدي نويسنده دانشگاه تربيت مدرس Purtaheri, M , صادقلو ، طاهره نويسنده Sadeghloo, T , سجاسي قيداري، حمدالله نويسنده دانشگاه تربيت مدرس Sojasi Qidari, H
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction
Rural communities and their services and productive activities, because of their strong relation with the environment, have always been exposed to disastrous natural powers. Therefore, residents of every region learned by experience to, apply some approaches and measures to confront these events and reduce the damage of them in their community. Public attention has always been focused on physical factors and the human-made environment and especially on housing and it hasnʹt paid attention to an integrated attitude that would include economical, social and environmental systems. Regional rural development in the borders of rivers and the bed of flood plains regardless of the rivers, Hydrologic and Dynamic conditions in basin topside, incentively increases flood danger, bane, financial and infrastructure damage in rural regions. In this article with attention to climate characters, topographic profile in flood plains, rainfalls sustain time and flood recurrence period, we study flood zoning in course of Gorganrud River to identify rural point in flood hazard. The Danger of flood in Iran, increased concerningly in the early years, which was the result of interference and human activities in the ecological structure of the surrounding environment, and in each period of time, as regards to the community developing level, the approaches pursue to reducting this disaster. In fact, using this planning management pattern the rural peopleʹs condition could change toward themselves in their environment and also using their potencials andexperiences, they could benefit from flood management. On the other hand, about the flood phenomenon and its occurrence in earlier decades, a new pattern of planning management is found, that more than structural management focuses on nonstructural management. Rural points in Gorganrood basin are permanently affected by flood.
Methodology
This method could aid planners to think of the necessary planning and management schemes for danger reduction before the occurrence of flood in rural areas and for rural flood hazards to the minimum limit. To achieve this result, we used HEC-GeoRAS model in GIS sphere and LANDSAT ETM+ satellite images, DTM and etc. Results show the utilized model is a useful and appropriate tool for flood management in rural areas. With this attitude, in this article we have tried to use descriptive and analytic methodology, in answer to the key question "what are the effective factors (economical, social and ecological) in the flood management process with participatory approach, during the three periods of flood occurrence (before, along and after)."
Results & Discussion
Therefore, this study tries to study the attitude of the rural people toward participation and its efficiency in the reduction of the (destructive) impacts of flood. For this purpose, in three economic, social and environmental dimensions the participation of the rural people in the three periods of flood occurrence, before, along and after was studied with attributive and territorial methodology and with descriptive and statistic analyzing method. The Result of this study demonstrate this reality that the authorities prefer economic participation, but the rural people believe in social participation in flood management. On the other hand the two groups under study believe that participation has a higher influence in flood management it made before their of flood.
Conclusion
As we will mention in this chapter, water-based threats and risks have been considered as one of the energy related and expensive problems in many countries. That is why we assumed them as ever increasing difficulties of the present world which require serious attention. It must be noted that despite inevitable effects of the local conditions, we have to use the experiences of other regions in such risks management; also, the necessity of local communitiesʹ participation is very efficient as the first and the most important vulnerable population. In the present research we define and state the flood management, also we define disaster, participatory management and the flood management. Then we explain traditional and modern approaches on the flood management. The traditional approaches contained structural and none-structural ones which were replaced by the modern approaches; because they had very little success in the flood management arena. The modern approaches contained systematic or integrated management and community-based or participatory management that were replaced and combined in order to be effective and efficient. We also explain the advantages and the aspects of the community-based and participatory approaches in the flood management, in order to study whether such approaches enable the local communities and villages to reduce threats and damages and whether they are responsive to the research questions.
