ارزيابي توان‌هاي محيطي براي توسعه كشاورزي (مطالعه موردي: ناحيه چغاخور، شهرستان بروجن)

Evaluation of Environmental Capacities for Agricultural Development (Case study: Choghakhor Rural District, Borujen Township)

جهان امروز با بحران تخريب منابع دست به گريبان است. مشكلات فزاينده ناشي از اين بحران، استفاده از روشها و راه حل هاي نوين علمي را براي تعديل بحران و اتخاذ سياستهاي متناسب براي رويارويي با آن هر روز ضروري تر مي سازد.در مطالعات محيطي مهمترين راهِ نيل به توسعة مبتني بر علم و شناخت علمي محيط، توجه اصولي به پتانسيلها، ارزيابي توانهاي محيطي و بالاخره استفاده همه جانبه و منطقي از سرزمين، است. در اين خصوص ارتباط تنگاتنگي بين توسعه كشاورزي با محيط و منابع محيطي نيز وجود دارد. در پژوهش حاضر به مطالعه و ارزيابي توانهاي محيطي ناحيه چغاخور براي توسعه توانهاي كشاورزي، براساس رهيافت تجزيه و تحليل سيستمي پرداخته شده است و اين فرض مد نظر بوده كه ناحيه مذكور داراي ‌توانها‌ و منابع متنوع محيطي ‌است‌كه درصورت برنامه¬ريزي و استفاده متناسب از توانمندي هاي¬ آن، مسيرتوسعة همه جانبه و پايدار ناحيه هموار مي¬شود. درفرايند اجراي مطالعه؛ ابتدا با اتكاء به بررسي و شناخت توانهاي محيطي، منابع اكولوژيكي شناسايي و سپس بر اساس رهيافت سامانه اي، اين اطلاعات تجزيه وتحليل، جمعبندي، تلفيق و در نهايت به صورت لايه هاي اطلاعاتي تهيه گرديد. در ادامه با استخراج واحدها و سنجش آنها با معيارهاي اكولوژيكي، توانها و استعدادهاي بالقوه برآورد و درپايان، اولويت بين كاربريهاي مجاز تعيين شده است. نتيجة اين پژوهش نشان مي¬دهد؛ اكثر سطح منطقه براي توسعه كشاورزي درجه 1 توان توسعه ندارد، اما براي توسعة مرتعداري، كشاورزي درجه 2 و بويژه درجه 4 از توان بالايي برخوردار است. به عبارت ديگر، درحاليكه كشاورزي ممتد در بخشهاي محدودي از ناحيه امكانپذير است، براي ديم كاري و باغداري همراه با آبياري شرايط مناسبي وجود دارد.

Introduction The exhaustion of resources as one of todayʹs crises, requires the use of scientific methods and making appropriate policies and sustainable development. Environmental planning for sustainable development requires considering and assessing the environmental capabilities and comprehensive use of land resources in a rational framework. Planning for optimum use of current lands will lead us to correct use of lands according to their abilities. In the framework of this planning , lands would be evaluated and their coordination with the uses will be measured according to their ecological abilities. In this study, evolution is made multilateral by taking into condiceration all aspects of environmental situation of a region as a planning unit. This arises from the strong interrelationship between the agricultural development and environmental resources. The present study attempts to assess the environmental capabilities of a rural region (named Choghakhor located at the Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari province in southwest Iran) for agricultural development assuming that the region is environmentally capable for comprehensive and sustainable development. In the studied area , destruction of resources , changing land use and reducing farming lands, destruction and erosion of soil, lack of economical bases, unemployment and lack of investment, indicate that the resources are not being correctly and show the need for evaluating environmental capacities for developing agriculture and rural stability. Methodology The approach in this study is descriptive- analytic and for gathering the information, different documents - field methods like observing, interviews and current information, books, magazines and maps are mixed. For analyzing data the and maps we used different programs and for evaluating environmental abilities we used ecological models. In this study, the two concepts of "environmental abilities " and "evaluation " are in the center. By environmental abilities we mean a set of environmental data which are effective in humanʹs economical usage. Evaluation of environmental abilities is determining possible usage of land for different purposes. Methodology for evaluating land abilities and calculating it coordination for different uses, there are different methods. In this study to survey the situation and ecological abilities we used the method of systematic analysis and ecological model of Makhdoom. The steps of the work are taken from the steps of planning and preparing the land which was presented in 1993 by Dalai, Cliton and Dent in England. For preparing the required maps, we used Topographic 1.25000 maps of Avargan, Zeverdegan, Beldaji, Sabz Koh, and for analyzing the data we used Corel and Arc view. In addition, vast field studies were done at the time of collecting information. Results Results and discussion the environmental capacities and ecological resources of the region were then identified and the relevant data was provided as layers based on the land use planning methods and a systemic analysis approach. Following that, the homogenous units and their land-use priorities were distinguished based on the ecological criteria and capacities. For determining the preferences, a principal measure is the current situation of the land. This is done in different ways. Here, we used comparison method which is done both quality wise and quantity wise for Iran. Research works of Noori ( 1995) by the title of " Determining regional differences and evaluating the potentials of agriculture of Esfahan " , Evans et al (2000) by the title of "Evaluating of environmental abilities for developing agriculture in Hanford" , Kauzeni et al ( 1993) by the title of "Evaluating recourses and land use planning in Tanzania", Fallah Miri and coworkers ( 2008) by the title of "Ranking Ecologic power of agriculture of Kesililan by GIS", Babaii and Onagh (2006) by the title of "Evaluating development power and preparation of auriferous region of Poshtkooh" and Sahrifi & Makhdoomʹs (2004) "Preparation of lands of auriferous region of Kabar - Kohk of Qom", are listed in the researches in this field. Conclusion Conclusion As the results show, most of the lands in the studied area were assessed as uncapable for grade 1 agricultural practice, but they are appropriate for rangeland and grade 2 and 4 agricultural activities. In conclusion, although the land resources of the studied area are not suitable for long lasting agriculture, dry farming and irrigated gardening are strongly recommended for the region. Moreover, correct use was seen in very few cases, and converting lands to waterless cultivation which is done in many places, has caused soil erosion. Also, every region has lots of environmental resources like trees which are not used yet.