بررسي اثرات زمان آبياري و شوري آب بر عملكرد گندم و اجزاي آن در جنوب استان خوزستان

بررسي اثرات زمان آبياري و شوري آب بر عملكرد گندم و اجزاي آن در جنوب استان خوزستان

در اين تحقيق اثر زمان آبياري و شوري آب آبياري بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد گندم رقم چمران در منطقه شاوور شمال شهرستان اهواز درسال زراعي88-1387 صورت گرفت. سه سطح زمان آبياري 30(I1)، 50(I2) و70(I3) درصد كاهش رطوبت خاك از حد ظرفيت زراعي به همراه سه سطح شوري آب آبياري شامل كمتراز 2(S1)، بين 3تا 5 (S2) وبين6 تا 8 (S3) دسي زيمنس برمتر با سه تكرار در يك آزمايش فاكتوريل بصورت طرح بلوك هاي كامل تصادفي با عامل اول رژيم هاي آبياري و عامل دوم شوري در شرايط مزرعه اي به اجرا درآمده است. نتايج نشان مي دهد كه عملكرد گندم تحت تاثير رژيم هاي مختلف آبياري (درسطح احتمال5 درصد) اختلاف معني دار نشان داده است درصورتي كه تاثير سطوح مختلف شوري (درسطح احتمال5درصد) برعملكرد دانه معني دار نبوده است. ازنظر اجزاي عملكرد،رژيم هاي مختلف آبياري بر ارتفاع بوته، تعدادسنبله در واحد سطح و طول سنبله معني دار نبود و بر تعداد دانه در سنبله و وزن هزار دانه معني دار شده اند. شوري آب برعملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد دانه معني دار نبوده است. اثرات تداخلي شوري و زمان آبياري بر عملكرد دانه، وزن هزار دانه و تعداد دانه در سنبله معني دار و بر ديگر عوامل معني دار نبوده است. درتصميم گيري براي تيمار برتر، عملكرد دانه بوده كه طبق بررسي ها، زمان آبياري بر اساس 30 درصد تخليه مجاز رطوبت از حد ظرفيت زراعي با هر سطح شوري آب تا حد 8 دسي زيمنس برمتر (تيمارهاي I1S1 ، I1S2 و I1S3 ) مطلوب بوده است.

The effect of irrigation time and Electric Conductivity (EC) of irrigation water have been investigated on wheat yield (Chamran cultivar) and its components in Shavour area, north of Ahwaz city in 2009. Objectives of this research studied are 1) The determination of the most suitable irrigation time in saline conditions 2) Study the effect of different water salinities 3) The study of interaction effect of irrigation time and water salinity on wheat yield and its components. The experiment was conducted as a factorial form, in a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and three replications. Three different levels of irrigation time were (I1)30%, (I2)50% and (I3)70% soil moisture reduction from Field Capacity limit. Three levels of irrigation salinity were (S1) less than 2, (S2) 3-5, and (S3) 6-8 ds/m as well. The first and second factors were irrigation regimes and salinity in field conditions respectively. Results indicated that wheat yield under effect of different regimes of irrigation was significant (5%), whereas the effect of different levels of salinity on yield was not significant. Taking account of yield components, different regimes of irrigation were not significant on plant height, number of spikes per square meter and the length of spike; however it was significant for number of grains per spike and Thousand Grains Weight (TGW). Water salinity had no significant effect on yield and its components. The interaction effects of salinity and irrigation time were not significant on yield, TGW and number of grains per spike; however there was no significant effect on other factors. As a result, although two factors of irrigation time and water salinity had significant effect on soil salinity changes, however, the maximum soil salinity obtained from irrigation with different levels of salinity (6-8 ds/m) is related to I2S3 treatment that is the threshold of wheat salinity tolerance. Therefore yield reduction is not expected. Thus yield has been the only effective factor in making decision for the better treatment. According to studies, irrigation time due to 30% allowable depletion of moisture from Field Capacity limit has been optimum with only salinity level up to 8 ds/m (treatments I1S1, I1S2, I1S3).