اصول و مراحل تربيت ديني كودكان با تاكيد بر سخنان و سيره عملي رسول خدا (ص)

Principles and Stages of Religious Education of children: with Emphasis on Words and Conducts of Apostle of God (may the blessing and peace of Allah be upon him and his progeny)

تربيت دينى، مجموعه دگرگونى‏هايى است كه در فكر و عقيده فرد، به منظور ايجاد نوعى خاص از عمل و رفتار، كه متكى بر ضوابط مذهب باشد، انجام مى‏گيرد. در سايه اين دگرگونى‏ها، اخلاق، عادات، آداب و رفتار و روابط فردى و اجتماعى شخص صورت مذهبى و دينى به خود مى‏گيرد. از آنجايى كه تربيت دينى و مذهبى انسان از دوران كودكى و حتى پيش از تولد آغاز مى‏شود، توجه به تربيت دينى كودكان از جنبه‏هاى فردى، خانوادگى و اجتماعى امرى مهم و ضرورى است. اين مقاله با مطالعه اسنادى به معرفى مراحل تربيت دينى، و چگونگى و اصول آن پرداخته است. از آنجايى كه هدف همه پيامبران به ويژه رسول اكرم صلى‏الله‏عليه‏و‏آله تربيت انسان بوده است، به اقوال و افعال پيامبر خدا صلى‏الله‏عليه‏و‏آله در زمينه تربيت دينى كودكان پرداخته شده است. رسول خدا صلى‏الله‏عليه‏و‏آلهدر جايگاه رهبر دينى جامعه، توجه ويژه‏اى به كودكان داشته و بر تربيت دينى آنان توصيه فرموده است. علاوه بر آن، از آن حضرت صلى‏الله‏عليه‏و‏آلهدرباره چگونگى و مراحل تربيت دينى (دوران جنينى، دوران نوزادى و شيرخوارى، هفت سال اول و هفت سال دوم و...) آموزه‏هاى فراوانى گزارش شده كه در اين مقاله مورد بررسى قرار گرفته است.

Religious education means to make a set of changes in manʹs thought and belief to create a certain kind of deed and behavior that is based on regulations of a school of religious law. In the light of these changes, individualʹs morals, habits, manners, personal and social behaviors and relations take a religious form. Since religious education begins from childhood or even before birth, it is very important and necessary to pay attention to religious education of children from personal, familial and social aspects. Present paper defines the stages of religious education, its nature and principles, using a documentary study. Since the aim of all messengers, particularly the Holy Apostle of God, Mohammad, (may the blessing and peace of Allah be upon him and his progeny) have been to educate man, this paper deals with words and deeds of the Messenger of Allah (may the blessing and peace of Allah be upon him and his progeny) about religious education of children. The messenger of Allah (may the blessing and peace of Allah be upon him and his progeny), as die religious leader of society, had paid special attention to children and emphasized on their religious education. Furthermore, this paper investigates His Highnessʹs many reported teachings on the nature and stages of religious education (embryonic stage, infantry and babyhood, the first seven years, and the second seven years, etc).