ريشه‏هاي نظام نوري شيخ اشراق

Roots of the "Illuminative School ( System)" in Suhrawardi

در قلمرو فلسفه و حكمت اسلامى، ديدگاه‏ها و مكتب‏هايى شكل گرفتند تا زمينه را براى شكوفايى آن فراهم كنند. با توجه به منابع محدود و پيچيده، بزرگانى نظير كندى، فارابى و ديگران گام‏هاى مقدماتى را در سير فلسفه اسلامى برداشتند تا اينكه ابن‏سينا مشرب فلسفى مشّا را تدوين كرد. دومين مكتب تأثيرگذار در جهت كمال فلسفه اسلامى به واسطه شهاب‏الدين سهروردى در قرن ششم هجرى قمرى و با نام «حكمت اشراق» پايه‏گذارى مى‏شود. ويژگى مهم و آشكار اين مكتب، هماهنگى ميان آموزه‏هاى غرب و شرق است. وى با مطالعه عميق تعاليم قرآن شريف، روايات اسلامى، فلسفه مشّا، فلسفه يونان باستان، فلسفه ايران باستان، عرفان اسلامى و غير اينها، به نوآورى پرداخته و فلسفه خود را بنياد نهاد. هدف پژوهش، كاوش در مكاتب و آموزه‏هايى است كه شيخ اشراق نظام فلسفى خود را بر پايه آنها شكل داد. حاصل اين پژوهش اين است كه شيخ اشراق با كنجكاوى در ميان مكاتب گوناگون، آموزه‏هايى اشراقى را يافت و توانست مكتب فلسفى هماهنگ و در عين حال متفاوت با آنچه در فلسفه مشّايى وجود داشت، بنا كرده و گامى تأثيرگذار در جهت شكوفايى فلسفه اسلامى بردارد.

Over time, Islamic philosophy and wisdom have been flourished due to the efforts of many different schools in philosophy. Taking into account the limited and complicated resources (in philosophy), some eminent Muslim thinkers such as al-Farabi, al-Kindi, and others took preliminary steps in Islamic philosophy until they came to establish what is called the "Peripatetic School" in philosophy. Or?) The second influential school which played a significant role in developing the Islamic philosophy was that of Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi in the sixth century A.H. which came to be known as the "Illuminative School ( of philosophy)". The main and clear characteristic of this philosophical school is that it paved the ground for certain philosophical doctrines in the West and East to incorporate into a coherent system. Having carefully studied the teachings of the Qurʹan, Islamic traditions (hadiths), the Peripatetic School, the Ancient Greek philosophy, Islamic mysticism ( Gnosticism ), etc., Suhrawardi developed some innovations in his system of philosophy. The present research seeks to explore philosophical schools and doctrines on which Suhrawardi based his philosophical system. To sum up, the research concludes with the fact that Suhrawardi developed a philosophical system called the ʹilluminative Schoolʹ which was ,in a way or other, coherent and consistent with, though in some ways different from, the Peripatetic School, taking crucial steps towards flourishing the Islamic philosophy.