كليدواژه :
تكنولوژي , اقتصاد , اشتغال , توريسم , روستا و ايران
چكيده فارسي :
اولويت بخشي به توسعه روستايي به عنوان يكي از اصول اساسي نظام مقدس جمهوري اسلامي شناخته شده است. با توجه به برآوردهايي كه صورت گرفته است به دليل شرايط خاص اقليمي كشور ايران و به ويژه كم آبي و خشكسالي هاي متعدد در ساليان اخير - اساس دستيابي به اين توسعه نمي تواند فقط بر توسعه بخش كشاورزي در روستاهاي ايران بنا نهاده شود. تجارب كشورهاي موفق جهان در امر توسعه روستايي مانند كشورهاي چين و هندوستان، نشان دهنده اهميت فراواني است كه صنعتي كردن روستا در ايجاد فرصت هاي شغلي و در آمدزايي و در نهايت جلوگيري از مهاجرت روستاييان به شهرها و پيامدهاي منفي آن در كل كشور دارد. در اين مقاله به بررسي و شناخت مهم ترين عملكرد توسعه روستايي مي پردازيم كه شامل توسعه گردشگري و گسترش صنايع دستي و كوچك و انتقال تكنولوژي هاي مناسب در جوامع كشاورزي و روستايي هستند. بنابراين، پس از بيان نياز مطلق براي توسعه و تعريف جامع مفهوم توسعه و عناصر ضروري آن، به ويژه مفهوم و اهميت «كار»، تعريف توسعه اقتصادي و اختلاف آن با رشد اقتصادي، اهميت ايجاد فرصت هاي كاري در اين كشورها و نقش صنايع كوچك روستايي در اين فرايند، گردشگري و توسعه روستايي، بيان تكنولوژي هاي مناسب براي نواحي روستايي كشورهاي جهان سوم، دلايل توجه و رويكرد به صنايع كوچك و تكنولوژي متوسط در كشورهاي در حال توسعه، دلايل توجه به دانش و فن اوري بومي در فرايند توسعه روستايي، اهميت ترويج تكنولوژي مناسب و مباني اشاعه آن در فرايند توسعه روستايي، بيان تجارب چند كشور در اين زمينه، و در نهايت به بيان نقش توسعه تكنولوژي هاي متوسط و صنايع كوچك در روستاها در توسعه فعاليت هاي اقتصادي و نقش گردشگري در توسعه روستايي و بيان مزايا و مـحدوديت هاي آن مـي پردازد. در انتها بـه نتيجه گيري از اين موارد در شرايط ايران و سايـر كشـورهاي در حـال تـوسعه مي پردازد.
چكيده لاتين :
In recent years tourism industry has been considered as a profitable and entrepreneurial industry. Iran has a large number and wide variety of tourism attractions that give it a strong potential for tourism development. To reach the goal of a successful sustainable tourism development, Iran needs careful planning, systematic implementation of the plans and continuous and effective management. As tourism industry is interdependent and multidisciplinary, close cooperation and coordination among government and all other stakeholders is required and vital for sustainable tourism development in Iran.Priotorizing to rural development is recognized as one of the fundamental principles in Islamic Republic of Iran from the beginning to now. With respect to estimates that have been carried out and because of especial climate conditions in Iran; specially frequent droughts in recent years, foundation of such development canʹt be based on agricultural sector development exclusively. Experiences of successful countries in attaining to sustainable rural development such as India and China, show high importance of industrialization of rural areas in creating new opportunities of employment, income generating and finally preventing of rural people emigration to urban regions and its negative consequents in all parts of the country. Author in this article study and recognize one of the most important duties in airal development, namely recognition and transfer appropriate technologies into agriculture and rural societies. In this article after explanation the absolute need to development and comprehensive definition of development concept and its availability of necessary elements, concept and importance of employment, definition of economic development and its difference to economic growth, importance of creating job opportunities in developing countries and role of small rural industries in this process, characteristics of appropriate technologies in development of rural regions in developing countries, reasons for attendance to small industries and middle technologies in these countries, reasons for attendance to indigenous knowledge and technology in rural development process, importance of extension appropriate technology and its diffusion foundations in rural development process, experiences of India and China countries in this process, and finally stating role of small rural industries and middle technologies in rural regions in development of economical affairs and its advantages and limitations. In the end of the article, concluding from the following cases and presenting applicable and appropriate alternatives in conditions of Iran and developing countries. Finally, this article present some suggestions
for improving the existing situation of tourism in Iran. For instance, introducing a representative from the Tourism Organization to every individual ministry is suggested to act as a means for collaboration and harmony among different ministries.
Key words: Tourism Technology, Economic, Employment, Rural, Iran.
