اصول پيشنهادي نوشهرگرايي در برنامه ريزي محله هاي شهري

در جهت رفع مشكلات ناشي از فرسودگي و زوال مراكز شهري و گسترش افقي شهرها جنبش نوشهرگرايي به وجود آمد. اين جنبش براي ايجاد جوامع پايدار و كارا بازگشت به الگوي محلات سنتي را امري لازم مي داند. در تحقيق حاضر سعي مي شود به طور اجمالي به معرفي نوشهرگرايي و اصول پيشنهادي آن براي برنامه ريزي محله هاي شهري از جمله پياده مداري، اتصال و پيوستگي، ايجاد كاربري هاي مختلط و ايجاد گونه هاي مختلف مسكن در بافت و ... پرداخته شده و سپس فوايد و انتقادات وارد برآن و ابزارهاي طراحي محله نوشهرگرا و مراحل طراحي آن مطرح شود. در تحقيق حاضر به دنبال اين موضوع هستيم چه اصولي از نوشهرگرايي، مي تواند براي برنامه ريزي و طراحي محله هاي شهري به كار رود و چگونه مي توانيم از آنها در برنامه-ريزي و طرح ريزي محله هاي شهري استفاده كنيم و چه مراحلي را بايد براي طراحي محله اي نوشهرگرا در نظر داشته باشيم.

New Urbanism has been described as the most influential movement in architecture and planning in the United States in the modernism movement. Some argue that new urbanism is the answer to suburban sprawl and the way urban centers were decaying and the simultaneous increase of communities that were fragmented, car-oriented and spread out. In recent years, new urbanism principals have been adopted for many housing and neighborhood planning efforts. New urbanism emphasis on traditional neighborhood design to create sustainable and efficient communities. Traditional neighborhoods design is a set of development practices to create more attractive and more compact communities designed to encourage bicycling and walking for short trips by providing destinations close to home and work, and by providing sidewalks and a pleasant environment for walking and biking. This article has tried to introduce new urbanism movement and its charter and the most important principal of it that are applied increasingly to projects at the full range of scales from a single building to an entire community such as walkability, connectivity, mixed-use and diversity, mixed housing, quality architecture and urban design, traditional neighborhood structure, increased density, public transportation, parking planning, public participation, etc. while the benefits and criticism of the movement have been studied, then new urbanism neighborhood design features and the sequence of design were investigated. The main question of this article is what and how principals of new urbanism can be applied in inner city neighborhoods planning, while the design features and sequence of design should have been taken into consideration? This article concludes that new urbanism principals are consistent with boarder policies aimed at improving living conditions and opportunities for inner city residents.