معرفي و نقد بر چند سند تصويري‌ـ تاريخي تازه يافته در مورد ميدان نقش‌جهان

معرفي و نقد بر چند سند تصويري‌ـ تاريخي تازه يافته در مورد ميدان نقش‌جهان

ميدان نقش‌جهان شاخص‌ترين ميراث معماري دوران شكوفايي اقتصادي‌ـ سياسي شهر اصفهان در عصر صفوي است. باوجود حدود چهارصد سال تاليف و ترجمه پيرامون ويژگي‌هاي اين فضاي پوياي تاريخي و تجديد چاپ مكرر اسناد و مدارك تاريخي مرتبط با اين ميدان، اسناد مصور ارزشمندي وجود دارد كه تاكنون گمنام مانده است. از سوي ديگر در حوزه مرمت معماري، يكي از مهم‌ترين مسايل موثر در بهبود روند تحول و تداوم و كنترل اصالت اقدامات مرمتي در بناها و شهرهاي تاريخي، شناخت بهتر ويژگي‌هاي منظر تاريخي آنها است. در اين راستا با بهره‌گيري از روش توصيف تاريخي و مطالعات تطبيقي مي‌توان ضمن گوياسازي اسناد مصور كهن از طريق مقايسه‌ آنها با يكديگر و منابع مكتوب به بررسي تحول و تداوم ويژگي‌هاي اين فضاي زنده تاريخي نسبت به وضع موجود پرداخت. از يافته‌هاي علمي تاريخي‌ـ باستان‌شناسي و معماري اين پژوهش مي‌توان به مطالبي كه اين اسناد مصور در تاييد و تكميل منابع مكتوب و تصويري ارايه مي‌دهد، چيدمان عناصر داخل ميدان (ميله‌ قپق، توپ‌ها)، تحول و تداوم عناصر پيراموني (تزيينات ايوان كاخ سلطنتي، ساعت شاه و عملكرد و كالبد معماري نقاره‌خانه و قيصريه) و روابط اجتماعي مردمان اشاره كرد. همچنين پلكان كنار ايوان كاخ عالي‌قاپو در دوران صفوي و حوضي در جلوخان مسجد شيخ‌لطف‌الله در دوران قاجار كه امروزه ديگر وجود ندارد ناگفته‌هايي از كالبد تاريخي اين ميدان به‌شمار مي‌رود. چنين به نظر مي‌رسد برخي ديگر از نويافته‌هاي اسناد مصورهمچون احتمال وجود بادبند در ميان ستون‌هاي عمارت عالي‌قاپو، كيفيت مسيرها و دروازه‌ جلفا در بدنه غربي ميدان پرسش‌هايي هستند كه در آينده در ديگر اسناد و مدارك تاريخي مي‌تواند مورد كنكاش قرار گيرد. لذا اين مقاله تلاش دارد با معرفي و نقد اسناد تصويري‌ـ تاريخي ارزشمند تازه يافته و كم نظيري كه مواريث فرهنگي كشور محسوب مي‌شوند به بازشناسي و بيان ناگفته‌هايي در مورد ويژگي‌هاي كالبدي و كاركردي عناصر تاريخي اين ميدان بپردازد.

Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan, as one of the most significant historic sites of the city, has dramatically bore significant socio-cultural interactions between people and the governments under the economical and political context of the time since its construction. For that reason, it is essential to conserve the authenticity and integrity thereof its historical values. The current circumstances of this historic architectural complex mainly date back to seventeenth century, during the Safavid era. This is why, since then there have been historical documents published regarding the different aesthetic and architectural aspects of this place which used to be a significant political and social spot. Such documents have repeatedly been reprinted over four centuries, whereas there still are valuable pictorial documents which have remained anonymous. On one hand, in the field of architectural conservation, one crucial issue which might considerably influence the trend of continuity and changes for the future, as well as controlling the genuineness of conservation activities in the historic cities and monument, is recognizing their historical perspective. Therefore, this article is meant to arrive at an approach for not only introducing few historic pictorial documents, but also to compare and contrast them with the pervious premises about this historical site. Moreover, these recently discovered documents contain clues which could lead to new questions about the architectural details of this site – questions that need to be answered through future researches. Some of these historic documents, for some reasons including language barriers had previously never been known in the field of Architectural Conservation. They could disclose important points regarding the era in which there was a strong rivalry between the Europeans over interests in Iran. Hence, suggesting an analogy between these pictorial documents and with the existing situation in Naqsh-e Jahan Square is expected to be sufficient as an objective standard to trust some of these findings. Particularly, the likelihood of a staircase beside Ali Qapu palace, the pool in front of Sheikh Lutfullah Mosque, the gate to the kingʹs interior court or Haram could be highlighted as the untold facts about this site’s architectural aspects. Three main features could be concluded. Namely, those features which refer to what can be proved about the general appearance of the square and the changes and continuity related to its surrounding architectural elements; new findings such as a staircase beside the royal palace, Ali Qapu, and a pool in front of the Sheikh Lutfullahʹs mosque; and finally the untold facts highlighted in Hofstedʹs pictorial documents such as the gate towards Julfa and the pathways within the squareʹs main open space, which are to be investigated in other resources and references in the future research studies. All in all, this paper contributes to upgrading the general understanding and hence verifying the historic identity of Naqsh-e Jahan Square.