مرکز منطقه ای اطلاع رساني علوم و فناوري - تحليل تطبيقي نگرش سياسي زنان و مردان در شهر اصفهان (از محافظه كاري تا آزادي خواهي)

چكيده لاتين :

The survival of any societyʹs political foundation hinges on the social values and beliefs of their ordinary citizens. Investigating into individualsʹ political attitudes and values is a decisive step to grasp the nature and functions of a political system. Unprecedented promotion of womenʹs political awareness, their participation in political domain and difference between womenʹs and menʹs political attitudes have been some important political phenomena during the second half of the past century which designated numerous debates in the framework of gender gap in political attitudes. According to researchersʹ findings, since 1980s developed countries have been keeping aloof of traditional conservatism and approaching to liberal parties, while across the developing countries women have been remaining in the conservatory position. This study is a survey research conducted on Isfahan citizens during 2005 comparing women and menʹs liberal political attitudes. The Sample size consists of 382 residents who were selected on the basis of a quota sampling design by sex, age group and the urban region. Two subscales were used to measure the main constructs of the research. Using a second-order confirmatory factor model, non-conservative approach as the final construct was specified. In this research, descriptive perspectives were utilized which often believe that women have been more liberal than men during the recent years, and on the other hand, explanatory theories of differences between women and men were used which can be classified into two categories: The first one insists on structure and conditional factors which lead to different experiences of women and men. Some of the scientists and researchers such as McAllister and Lisa Hill can be categorized into this group. The second one emphasized on socio-psychological differences of women and men which reflect different socialization process of two sexes during childhood. The researchers and scientists such as Matt Whitehead and Alice Eagly can be categorized into this group. Based on the first perspectives, the relationship between political attitudes and job and educational status were examined. The statistical inferences indicated that during recent years, women like men are approached to non-conservative political orientations including liberal elements and democratic attitudes. In other words, there is a convergence between womenʹs and menʹs political attitudes. We can not claim that women are more liberal than men (in the studied population) but according to significant difference of womenʹs non-conservative scores by job and educational status, it can be confirmed that the entrance of women in labour market and changes of other social roles have influenced their political insights and behaviors. This result supports the conditional viewpoint. It should be noted that the more accurate judgment about changes of womenʹs political attitudes in Iran need more extensive and deeper research.