بررسي مديريت پسماندهاي صنعتي در منطقه 9 شهرداري تهران

A Survey of Industrial Solid Waste Management in Tehran Municipalityʹs 9th zone

در كلانشهر تهران با جمعيت 7705036 نفر در سال 1387 روزانه 7000 تن پسماند شهري توليد شده است. بر اساس تقسيمات شهرداري، اين شهر به 22 منطقه شهري تقسيم بندي شده است. در اين مقاله منابع توليد، كميت، كيفيت، ذخيره در محل و روش دفع پسماندهاي صنعتي و ويژه، در تمام واحدهاي صنعتي منطقه 9 شهرداري تهران به تفضيل مورد بحث و بررسي قرار گرفته است. روش كار بر اساس مشاهده و تكميل پرسشنامه‌هاي موضوعي در كليه واحدهاي كوچك و بزرگ صنعتي است. براي اين منظور پس از تهيه فهرستي از نام و نشاني كارگاهها، پرسشنامه‌اي تنظيم و با مراجعه حضوري به واحدهاي صنعتي پرسشنامه‌ها تكميل شدند. در مرحله بعد طبقه‌بندي پسماندهاي خطرناك بر اساس كنوانسيون بازل صورت گرفت. اطلاعات به دست آمده نشان مي‌دهد 307 واحد صنعتي كوچك و بزرگ مستقر در منطقه در مجموع 568/4850 تن زوايد در سال توليد مي‌كنند اين در حالي است كه صنايع گروه ماشين آلات و تجهيزات با 346/2282 تن در سال بيشترين مقدار پسماند را توليد مي‌كند. اكثر صنايع مورد بررسي رويكرد منفعلانه‌اي نسبت به مديريت علمي پسماندها دارند. در اين راستا فقط يك واحد صنعتي به عنوان واحد سبز معرفي شده و يك واحد صنعتي نيز گواهينامه ايزو 14000 دريافت كرده است. در حال حاضر هيچ گونه مديريت مستقلي در زمينه دفع پسماندهاي صنعتي و شبه خانگي در منطقه اعمال نمي‌شود. به نظر مي‌رسد با اعمال سيستم جامع مديريت پسماند در نواحي صنعتي شهرداري منطقه 9، ضمن كاهش توليد پسماند روند روبه رشد توسعه صنعتي نيز حفظ خواهد شد. در پايان پيشنهادهايي براي بهبود وضعيت پسماندهاي صنعتي و خطرناك در منطقه ارايه شده است.

Introduction Rapid growth of technology, access to new systems of production and replacing plastics and unnatural fibers instead of natural materials increased the quantity of industrial solid waste and enhanced the hazardous nature of the wastes. Based on the Definition of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), hazardous waste includes waste, or combination of wastes that can be dangerous or potentially harmful to human health and other creatures. In Tehran megacity with a 7705036 population, 7000 tons of solid wastes per day have been generated in 2008. According to the municipalityʹs division, Tehran is divided to 22 local zones. 9th zone of Tehran municipality with 7655183 square meters area consists of 2 districts and 8 sub districts. r WB0 □ n Sttfvik ShArtk -•Bun* Kvy<4Mir Abid AkturAb*d Different industries are located within 20% area of the 7th sub district and the whole area of 8th sub district. The functional elements of industrial waste management in 7th & 8th sub districts are investigated in this article, and suggestions are made to improve the present status of solid waste management in the region. Quality and quantity are the basis of planning for hazardous waste management system. In this context, selecting a combination of techniques, technology and management program is imperative to achieve the purposes of waste management, environmental protection and controlling pollution caused by hazardous waste. The 9th zone of Tehran municipality with an area of 7655183 square meters has a population of 7705036. The 7th & 8th sub districts are of 3116671 square meters area. The total area of 8th sub district is occupied by industrial complexes. Fig. 1 shows the location of industrial area within the 9th zone of Tehran municipality. AJMHWO ■eBirwfi dLL* • * O k c Ss Tifwht - - PihJ^M , mm Uehrtt*) Ifcfr*!*) VA // > Jty | ;vV; r ******** -v } ʹ On Arpofi MthrAbtd HML ■ KoMy* Strton 0 Tinstit Jty i ] -r t vM iP Kuy-frNair Siʹ AiiystK-Wehr ^•Mjhont-t-Shahmv Uwm>l E-mail: mh.ut.civil@gmail.com nil " Fig.l: Map of 9th zone of Tehran municipality and the location industrial area Corresponding author: Tel: +98 9188128203 17 Abdoli, M.A. and et al. Most of the industrial factories located in the 9th zone are categorized as small units. Fig. 2 and 3 shows the distribution of industrial factories according to their size. 1 ■ ^jjjjjj ppp ! / big /////// / %//// ʹ / / 100 - Fig. 2: Big and small industrial units of 9th zone Fig. 3: Industries with environmental group There are 307 industries in the 9th zone of Tehran municipality. 23 industry units are located in the 7th sub district and 284 units in the 8th sub district. Materials and methods The method of this article was on the basis of observation and completion of subjective questionnaires distributed among all small and great industrial units. For this purpose, the list of factory names and addresses was collected. Then a questionnaire was prepared and completed verbally in all units. As the next stage hazardous solid wastes was categorized according to Baselʹs convection. Discussion of Results Collected information shows that 4850,568 tons of solid waste per year is generated by 15 small industrial units and 292 big industrial units which are located in the 9th zone. Meanwhile machineries and equipment factories generate 2282,346 tons of waste per year. Chemical factories generate 351,341 tons of waste per year. According to the Annex 3 Basel Convention, hazardous wastes were divided into 47 groups. These 47 groups were named yl to y47. For example Waste oils/water, hydrocarbons/water mixtures, emulsions are listed in y9 group. This group makes up the major part of the wastes in the 9th zone of Tehran municipality. In this zone all the wastes including industrial, house-hold and hospital wastes are managed together, without any segregation. As a result, some of the small industrial units store their wastes in vacant lands. Figures 4 and 5 respectively show different methods of industrial waste on-site storage and disposal in the 9th zone. ■ yard storage ■ covered storage R out-door storage ■ covered depot-barrel ■ depot-barrel ss covered & open storage Fig. 4: different methods of on-side storage of industrial waste in the 9th zone ■ discharge ■ saie ■ barrow ■ burn ■ sale-barrow ■ burn-sale Fig. 5: Different methods for disposal of industrial waste in the 9th zone Conclusions Most of the industrial units in this region have a passive approach toward the remarks made by environmental agencies (fig. 3). Among all the industrial units located in this area only one unit is introduced as the green Unit, and one industrial unit is acquired ISO 14000 license (fig. 6). 67% of solid wastes generated in the industrial units have high recovery potential. Fig. 7 shows the percentage of waste recovery potential in the region. It seems that with the aid of integrated solid waste management concept not only the amount of waste is increased but also the industrial development trend will be maintained. /ʹ/////// / / / / / / / * / Fig. 6: Industries with ISO 14000 certificate or green industry Fig. 7: potential of recycling or reuse of Industrial waste in 9th zone