كليدواژه :
عقلانيت فرهنگي معطوف به رهايي , نقد مدرنيته , انديشۀ انتقادي , طرح ناتمام مدرنيته , پسامدرنيسم , خصلت دوگانۀ عقل مدرن: عقلانيت ابزاري معطوف به سلطه
چكيده لاتين :
This article includes three discourses. First discourse discusses about modernity and two of its main foundations: rationalism and humanism, and explaines their impact on formation of the modern world, society and man. Second discourse deals with critical theory as a philosophical legacy of Enlighthenment tradition (Kant, Hegel), and examines its development from Marx to Habermas. Critical theory as a radical social critique of modernity, primarily appeared in 19th century in Marxʹs thought with emphasis on concepts such as alienation, commodification and reification. In its renewal in the thought of 20th century critical thinkers, like Lukacs, Gramsci, Frankfurters (Adorno, Horkheimer, Benjamin, Marcuse), and Habermas, it committed itself to the reformulation of the principal elements of social-critical tradition, mainly, the criticism of instrumental aspect of modern reason. Third discourse considers the postmodern critical approach to modernity and its principles. Postmodernism, totally rejects the modern reason and deconstructs all aspects of intellectual and rational legacy of the Enlightenment tradition and modernity. Finally, the author of this article makes a comparison between two mentioned critical approaches and concludes: negation of modern rationality by postmodernism as an instrument of total domination over contemporary and late modern society, denies the dichotomous quality of modern reason and refuses the emancipatory feature of cultural and communicative reason.
