كليدواژه :
بيماريهاي گياهي , قارچ هاي اندوفيت , گرامينه هاي علفي , آغازگرهاي اختصاصي , gramineous plants , Morphological Characters , specific primers , Endophytes
چكيده لاتين :
Mutual relationship between endophytic fungi and some gramineuos plants is one of the recently known host-microbe interactions. Endophytic fungi are classified in class Ascomycetes, order Hypocreales, tribe Balansieae and mostly genus Neotyphodium. They are transferred into the progeny via maternal stock and have many benificial effects to their host plants, such as resistance to pests and diseases, environmental stresses such as pH fluctuation, drought, salinity and grazing because Iran has a wide range of plant genomic resources and is known as one of the origins of gramineous plants, it is necessary to know more about endophytic fungi and their presence by using classical and molecular methods. Twenty isolates of endophytic fungi were obtained from seed and leaf sheaths of Bromus tomentellus, Lolium prenne, Festuca arundinacea and Festuca pratensis. Mycelia of endophytic fungi were observed red or pink in seed and leaf sheath when stained by Rose Bengal. The DNA of endophytic fungi was extracted by Murry and Thompson method with minor modification. In order to confirm the identity of endophytes, three universal and specific primer e. g. ITS I, ITS4, IS1, IS3, and 11-1, 11-2 were used. All isolates showed a 550-750 bp band with ITS], 1TS4 and eighteen of them showed a 444 bp band with I.SI, 1S3 primers, which is an indicator of Neot}.phodium endophytes. when primers 11-1, 11-2 were used, a 1000 bp band was not observed in all isolates. Isolates FaSm and FpGon3 that did not shown a 444 bp band, may probably differ from Neotyphodium endophytic fungi.
