چكيده فارسي :
شاهنامه اين شناسنامه ملي – فرهنگي و در حقيقت سند هويت ايرانيان ، علاوه بر تلاشهاي شاهنامه شناسان هنوز بسياري از باورها و نمادهاي آن از حيث باور شناسي ،نماد شناسي و واژه شناسي جاي سخن بسيار دارد از ديگر سو شاهنامه به لحاظ در بر داشتن واژه هاي فارسي گنجينه بسيار غني و راز ماندگاري زبان فارسي است ما اگر اين نكته را باور داشته باشيم كه محيط اجتماعي عصر هر شاعر با تمام ويژگيهايش در ايجاد هر نوع اثر ادبي موثر مي افتد و در حقيقت شاعر متاثر از آداب و رسوم منطقه خود است ، در جاي جاي خراسان بزرگ آداب و رسوم و خرده فرهنگهايي وجود دارد كه با گردآوري و ضبط آن آداب و رسوم علاوه بر حفظ و انتقال آن به نسلهاي بعد ميتوان به كمك آن در حل بسياري از نمادها و پيچيدگيهاي لفظي و معنوي متون نظم و نثر فارسي ياري جست در اين جستار با توجه به آداب ورسوم مختلفي كه در گوشه گوشه خراسان بزرگ از روزگاران گذشته به يادگار مانده است ،بيت زير را بازنگري ميكنيم:
نباشي بس ايمن به بازوي خويش خورد گاو نادان زپهلوي خويش
دراين مقاله ابتدا نظر شارحان وشاهنامه پژوهان درباره مصراع دوم بيت آورده شده، سپس نظر آنان مورد نقد وارزيابي قرار گرفته است .در بخش ديگر مقاله با توجه به آداب ورسوم رايج دربين كشاورزان ودامداران قديمي وسنتي در شهرستان گناباد، شهرستانهاي ديگر سعي شده است معنايي درست و بهنجار از اين بيت پيشنهاد شود و آن اينكه عبارت كنايي « از پهلوي خود خوردن» علاوه بر معناي ثانوي صدمه ديدن در معني حقيقي و قاموسي و اوليه خود هم به كار رفته است به معناي «از پستان خود شير خوردن» بكار رفته و «پهلو» علاوه بر معناي «از قِبَل و از جانب» به معني پستان نيز هست.
چكيده لاتين :
Shahnameh epic, the national-cultural heritage and a documentary evidence of Iranian identity, despite the attempts made by Shahnameh scholars, still has a great number of ideas and symbols requiring profound studies from the viewpoint of ideology, symbology, and lexicology. On the other hand, Shahnameh, since it has been composed in Farsi language, is a rich source of, as well as the key to the permanence of, Farsi Language. If we believe that the social context of the period in which a poet lives will affect dramatically the way a literary work is created and that a poet will be under the influence of the manners and practices of his/her own surrounding area, then there are manners, practices, and minor cultures throughout the province Khorasan, the Great, located in Iran country, which can be studied, collected, and recorded not only to preserve and transfer them to further generations but also to solve the secrets behind a great number of symbols and lexical and semantic complexities found in Farsi texts, whether in verse or in prose; the present article has been written based on the same approach – doing a critical review about a line from the epic Shahnameh based on the manners and practices remaining from ancient times in Khorasan, the Great. The two lines in the story of Rostam and Sohraab, which come into focus in the present study, refer to the words of Gerdaafareed, the Iranian charming heroine, when she finds herself unable to cope with Sohraab in the battlefield and her beautiful hair and face are revealed; she then tries to deceive Sohraab, the honest naïve young hero, with her feminine tricks, calling enchantingly from the top of the castle:
نباشي بس ايمن به بازوي خويش خورد گاو نادان ز پهلوي خويش" "
“Thou shall not be that safe by thy arm (=power)
Stupid cows feed on the milk from their own sides (=teats)”
In this article, first, the second line has been considered from the viewpoint of commentators and Shahnameh scholars; then their opinions have been criticized and evaluated, and, in another part of the article, it has been attempted to reach the correct and appropriate meaning of the two lines based on the current manners and practices of the old traditional farmers and cattlemen in Gonaabaad city. It has been argued that the idiomatic phrase “feed on their teats/sides”, [= “cut their own throat” in English] besides the secondary meaning of harming oneself as the figurative sense of the idiom, has been intended to refer to the meaning developed in mind by the literal image, i.e. the primary meaning; thus, “side” does mean “teat”, besides meaning “from; through”.
