كارآفريني در كشورهاي اروپايي

Entrepreneurship in Europe

In the past decades, by focusing on the positive and effective role of economic entrepreneurship in the development of society, developed countries and, in more recent decades, a few developing countries have considered deriving benefits from this potential in combating economic difficulties such as recession, inflation and unemployment. By observing the importance of entrepreneurship and small and medium size companies in the economic growth of societies, every year the European Economic Commission coordinates European countries, especially the more advanced ones, in fields such as education and training for an entrepreneurial society, provides access to material resources for the smaller companies, financial aid for the expansion of high technology companies, access to research and innovation, creates optimum procedures for patenting inventions for small and medium site companies, and endeavors to raise employment,and improve working conditions. This commission does planning for European countries which belonged to the former Eastern bloc and whose economic systems are in transition from a closed economy to an open free market system. With economic assistance, it supports these countries in the implementation of this program. With attention to the obstacles and difficulties in the expansion of entrepreneurship and small and medium companies in these countries, initial positive steps have been taken in this field while the governments of these countries pay special attention to this topic. In this article, indicators for entrepreneurship which are relevant to economic expansion and include the gross domestic product (GDP) for each employed individual, the potential for venture capital for the expansion of business, the managersʹ understanding of entrepreneurship, and research and development expenditures, have been studied in connection with 24 European countries and, finally, a case study has been made to acquire familiarity with the policies and plans for the development of entrepreneurship in Austria.