متدولوژي پايشسد هاي زير زميني (مطالعه موردي پايش سد زيرزميني راور كرمان)

Monitoring methodology of underground dam (case study, Ravar underground dam)

در اين تحقيق متدولوژي پايش سد هاي زيرزميني به منظور بررسي تاثير اجراي سد زيرزميني بر جريانات زير قشري به صورت كمي و كيفي بيان شده است. به همين منظور سايتي در حاشيه كوير در فاصله ده كيلومتري شرق شهر راور انتخاب و بررسيهاي لازم طي چند مرحله صورت گرفت. قبل از احداث سد بررسي هاي ژيوهيدرولوژيكي جهت تعيين حجم جريان زيربستري گذرنده از آبرفت رودخانه محل احداث سد انجام گرديد. يك حلقه چاه دستي بمنظور انجام آزمايش پمپاژ و تعيين ضرايب هيدرو ديناميك مخزن آبرفتي سد در محل محور سد حفر و حجم جريان زير گذر و ضرايب هيدروديناميك سفره محاسبه گرديدند. سپس چهار گمانه پيزومتري كه دو تا از گمانه ها در بالا دست (يكي به فاصله 800 و ديگري 850 متر از محور سد زيرزميني) و دو تا در پايين دست (يكي به فاصله 100 و ديگري 150 متر از محور سد زيرزميني) محور سد زيرزميني حفر و لوله گذاري و تجهيز شدند وبراي آنها دربند تهيه گرديد تا براي عمليات پايش مورد استفاده قرار گيرند. پس از اجراي سد چاه جمع آوري و انتقال آب مخزن سد نيز تعبيه و تجهيز شد. بلافاصله پس از اتمام عمليات ساختماني سد اندازه گيري سطح آب زيرزميني در چهار گمانه پيزومتري و چاه انتقال آب سد شروع و اين عمل طي دوره هاي يك تا دو ماهه به مدت چهار سال استمرار يافت و اكنون نيز ادامه دارد. همچنين اندازه گيري دبي خروجي از سد زيرزميني نيز در طي دوره هاي مختلف اندازه گيري انجام شد. سپس داده هاي برداشت شده با نرم تحليل و نتايج پايش بعد از اجراي سد كيفيت خوب اجرا و تاثير مثبت سد را برروي جريانات زيربستري SPSS افزار نشان دادند.

In this research the methodology of underground dams’ monitoring was expressed in order to study the effect of underground dam construction on the subsurface flows as a quantity or quality study. therefore a suitable site selected in the margin of desert in distance of 10 km from the east of Ravar city and the required investigation were done in several steps. Before constructing the dam the hydrological studies were done for for determining the volume of subsurface flow which passed from the alluvium of the river in the place of dam construction. In first a borehole which dug well excavated and used for pumpage test to determining the hydrodynamic coefficient and subsurface flows calculating. Then four piezometric well were drilled by percussion and rotary method in which two of them were in the upstream (one of them with a distance of 800 meters and the other with a distance of 850 meters from the underground dam axis) and the other two piezometric well were in downstream(one of them with a distance of 100 meters and the other with a distance of 150 meters from the underground dam axis) and they were piped and equipped for the monitoring operation in future. After constructing the dam , the well was collecting and tansfring the water of dam reservoir was prepared and equipped. Immediately , after complementing the dam’s constructing operation, measuring of the underground water level was stared in 4 peizometric well and the dam’s water transferring well.this operatioin was continued during the periods of 1 to 4 months for 4 years.and also measuring underground dam’s discharge was carried out during the different periods. Then the data were analyzed the results shows that the construction of dam has been very sussessfuly and was shown the positive effect on the underground flows as the quantity or quality.