پديد آورندگان :
حسيني، سيد وحيد نويسنده hosseini, vahdi , عابديني، محمد رضا نويسنده Abedini, Mohamad Reza , عسگري، قباد نويسنده Asgari Jafarabadi, Ghobad
كليدواژه :
بسته بندي , تخم مرغ , كيفيت , بازاريابي
چكيده فارسي :
در اين طرح روشهاي مختلف بازاريابي و تاثير آنها روي كيفيت محصول عرضه شده بررسي شد. براي تعيين كيفيت تخممرغها صفاتي مانند: ضخامت پوسته (01/0) ميليمتر، استحكام پوسته 011/0 كيلوگرم بر سانتيمتر، درصد شكستگي، وزن (صدف)، ميزان كثيفي، ارتفاع سفيده (ميليمتر)، رنگ زرده، واحد Hugh (HU) و شاخص كيفيت استاندارد اندازهگيري گرديد. نتايج بدست آمده در قالب طرح كاملاٌ تصادفي و در سطح اطمينان 95 درصد مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفت. نتايج نشان داد كه در مقايسه وزن در بين تيمارها اختلاف معنيدار در خطاي حداقل فقط بين نمونههاي 30 داخل يخچال بود (05/0P?). در صفت ميزان شكستگي تفاوت معنيداري صرفآ در نمونههاي بيرون از يخچال بود و نمونههاي فلهاي بيرون از يخچال از فلهاي داخل يخچال اختلاف بيشتري داشت. درصفتهاي ضخامت و مقاومت پوسته چون با هم يك همبستگي مثبت دارند در بين هيچكدام از تيمارها اختلاف معنيداري در سطح اطمينان 95 درصد وجود نداشت. همچنين در بررسي صفت ارتفاع سفيده بين گروههاي بيرون از يخچال اختلاف معنيدار نبود و همچنين بين 30 فلهاي بيرون يخچال و 30 داخل يخچال. ولي اختلاف فاحش بين 6 داخل يخچال و 3 تيمار ديگر بود. از طرفي واحدها را ميتوان با شاخص كيفيت با هم بررسي كرد. از اينرو نمونههايي كه داخل يخچال بودند با اختلاف زياد از نمونههاي بيرون يخچال قرار داشتند و البته بين تمام گروهها اختلاف وجود داشت. صفت ديگر شاخص رنگ زرده بود كه تنها اختلاف معنيدار در 30 بيرون يخچال را با 3 گروه ديگرميتوان مشاهده كرد.
البته ميتوان كيفيت عرضه تخممرغهايي كه بستهبندي شدهاند و بيرون از يخچال نگهداري ميشوند به دليل آنكه ماندگاري آنها بر اثر فروش كمتر آنها نسبت به فلهاي است و در نتيجه آنهايي كه بيرون از يخچال بودند از كيفيت پايينتري برخوردار بودند. ارزيابي كيفيت براساس 4 محور (حسي، فيزيكي ضخامت پوسته، استحكام، درصد شكستگي،وزن) شيميايي و ميكروبي (ويروس، باكتري، قارچ) است.
نمونههايي كه سيكل سرمايي را تا زمان فروش طي كردند و نمونههايي كه در زمان عرضه در دماي محيط قرار داشتند را با توجه به اندازه بستهبندي آنها و تاثير اين شرايط بر كيفيت، اندازهگيري و مقايسه شدند. كه نتايج مشخص كرد، سيكل سرمايي بر حفظ و روند سرعت نزول كيفيت اوليه تخممرغ بسيار تاثير مثبت دارد و همچنين داشتن بستهبندي بهتر از نداشتن و هر چه بستهبندي كوچكتر، كيفيت محصول عرضه شده بالاترخواهد بود.
چكيده لاتين :
Egg contents which are completely natural and clean are packed inside a shell made of calcium carbonate. It seems that this natural packaging is a full protecting system for this product, but there is situations and conditions that protecting and defending power decreases or goes away entirely.
Therefore, according to natural and specific characteristics of this product, using packages which ensures appearance and internal quality of the product, until the final moment of selling, is crucial. In addition along with packaging, the way of exposing the product to the market can also affect on quality; as cold cycle since producing time until using eggs affects. Thus, in this study, the different methods of marketing and their impacts on product quality were conducted. For determination of egg quality traits such as: shell thickness, (0.01 mm), albumin height (mm), ie: unit, yolk color, shell strength (0.001kg/cm), percentage of breakage, weight (g), dirtiness and the quality index was measured. Results evaluated in a completely randomized design and confidence level was 95%. The results of comparing weight differences between batches showed that there was just a considerable difference in minimal error within 30 refrigerated samples. In fracture trait significant differences were only observed in samples outside the refrigerator. In this case differences amongst unpackaged samples outside the refrigerator were more that differences amongst samples inside the refrigerator. In thickness and shell strength as there is a positive correlation between them; there were no significant differences in the 95% confidence level. Studies about albumin height in outside the refrigerator groups did show no significant difference nor between 30 unpackaged inside the fridge and 30 unpackaged outside the fridge. However, there were considerable differences between the 6 inside the refrigerator and other three batches. On the other hand, Hugh unit can be compared with indicator of the quality. Thus, although there were differences between all groups, there was a significant difference between samples which were inside the fridge and those which were outside the fridge. The other measured trait was yolk color index. In this index the only significant difference observed in 30 outside refrigerator with three other groups.
The quality of the packaged samples outside the refrigerator was lower than unpackaged samples in regard of their lower sell volume and higher time they rest in the market. Quality assessment had done according to 4 bases: Sensorial, physical (shell thickness, shell strength, percentage of breakage, weight), chemical and bacterial (virus, bacteria, fungus).
Samples which completed cold cycle until the sell time and those were in natural temperature at sell time were compared according to their package size and the effect of these situations. Results showed that cold cycle has considerable positive effect on the speed of reducing quality and also packages, especially small packages, have positive effect on quality of products released in market.