نجم‌الدّين كبري، استادان و شاگردان وي

Najm al-Din Kobra: his Masters and Pupils

مذهب تصوّف كه ابتدا در بغداد و عراق آشكار گرديد و بزرگاني همچون حسين بن منصور حلاج، جنيد بغدادي و شبلي در اين طريقه ظهور كردند، بعدها بخصوص پس از انقراض غزنويان و روي كار آمدن سلجوقيان، در خراسان فرصت ظهور پيدا كرد، و افرادي چون ابوالحسن خرقاني، شيخ ابوالقاسم قشيري و ابوسعيد ابوالخير در اين طريقه پديد آمدند و به مرور بازار متصوّفه گرم شد به گونه‌اي كه مقارن حمله مغول، رونق اين طريقه در خراسان كمتر از عراق و شام نبود. مخصوصاً با ظهور شيخ نجم‌الدّين كبري بنيان‌گذار طريقه كبرويه، جاني تازه در كالبد اين فرقه دميده شد و خراسان و خوارزم، مقصد و ملجا اهل معرفت گرديد و شوريدگاني از بلاد دور و نزديك روي برآستان شيخ نهادند و پس از تلمّذ در محضر نجم الدين به مثابه سفيراني راستين، عهده‌دار اشاعه تعليمات او در ديگر ممالك شدند. اين جانب در اين نوشته برآنم پس از معرفي مختصر نجم‌الدين كبري از كساني كه به نوعي با او مرتبط بوده‌اند سخن به ميان آورم. برخي سمت استادي داشته و تعداد كثيري نيز به عنوان شاگردان و مريدان شيخ از محضر او كسب فيض كرده‌اند.

Sufism, which was originally established in Baghdad and Iraq and introduced such great people as Hossein ibn Mansoor Hallaj, Joneid and Shebli, could later appear in Khorasan, particularly after the Ghaznavids were overthrown and the Seljuks were crowned. In Khorasan, it introduced prominent figures such as Abulhassan Kharaqani, Sheikh Abolqassem Qosheiri and Abu Saeed Abu al-Kheir. In this regard, Sufism gradually became so popular that at the time Mongols’ raid, its popularity was no less than the Sufism in Iraq and Shaam, and it was especially after the appearance of Sheikh Najm al-din Kobra, the founder of Kobravieh Sect, that a new spirit was poured into Sufism, and Khorasan and Kharazm became the destination for the wise, and people from here and there devoutly turned to Sheikh and after they studied under Najm al-Dinʹs guidance, they grew to be the virtuous preachers of his righteous ideas in other lands. In the present article, the researcher first introduces Najm al-Din Kobra and proceeds to introduce the people who were related to him: some of whom being his instructors and others his pupils and disciples.