رويكرد ملك الشعراي بهار به دين و عرفان

Malekoshoaraye Baharʹs Approach toward Religion and Mysticism

As an academic study titled ʹLiterary Sociology over Malekoshoaraye Baharʹs Collective Worksʹ, this paper discusses the reflection of mystical and religious issues in his poetry. At the outset of his poetry and conforming to his task as the poet laureate of Astan-e-Ghods-e-Razavi (Holy Position of Imam Reza), Bahar has composed a number of religious odes. Even when he was exiled to Tehran to live there, despite the dominance of political trends and discoloration of religion in his way of thinking, he still emphasized on religious beliefs and hence ʹhe deems religion as the basis of human civilizationʹ. He believes in the ʹbeyond the human bordersʹ God that ʹplays the organ of the worldʹ, and he wants us not to neglect Him ʹeven a moment in our jobʹ. He even believes in the Koran that can be a tool of unity and unification of Muslim, though itʹs not that much bright. Bahar, as a Shiite Muslim, has most of the sensitivities of Shiites. In his longest odes, he has indicated the predominance of Safavid era as a ʹfortunate traditionʹ. In his belief, "Judgment seat and commanding throneʹ go together, but he disagrees with the detachment of ʹreligion from politics that is forcefully segregatedʹ. He considers such a detachment as caused by capitalism and believes that they made religion to be at the hand of public who are ʹenemy to religion and the book of Prophetʹ and ʹheresy makersʹ. In a satrical ode, he condemns using religion as a tool and criticizes those who assail their opponents for the charge of attention to ʹadministrative office worksʹ and ʹbeing a lawyer and talking about constitutionʹ or being a journalist and getting enlightenedʹ. In various parts of his works he points to the differencess between Muslims and refers to ʹdecayed behavior of men and womenʹ. In spite of his numerous political engagements that convert him into an extrovert sociable man, Bahar is like a contemplative human being who never overlooks intuitive and mystical moments, but whenever there is a chance he will lean ʹjust like a prominent king on solitude thourneʹ and will find himself as ʹthe king of the earth and champion of lifeʹ, and ʹfalls in love through eyes and gets grounded by a streaming cryingʹ. Key words: Bahar; Religion; God; the Koran; Province; Shiism; politics; morality; mysticism.