تحليل زماني- مكاني پايدار درياچه هاي هامون

Temporal and Spatial Analysis of the Stability of the Hamoon Lakes

The Hamoon Lakes are located in the Sistan Basin, in south eastern Iran. Among the most unstable water bodies of the world, these lakes experience great annual fluctuations. The Hamoon wetlands, with unique ecological values, is a protected site under the Ramsar Convention. In this paper, the temporal-spatial relationship between the surface water potential and the stability of Hamoon and Godzereh water bodies has been analyzed for the periods of 1972-2004. Based on the Hirmandsʹ inflows, mainly Parian and Sistan rivers, this analysis was conducted using the remote sensing information. (Landsat MSS,TM and TEM+ sensors images and LISS1 and LISS2 sensors of IRS images) The depths of water, the area of the lakes, and the vegetation of the Sistan Basin were analyzed and interpreted based on these images (two images per yes) using principle components of satellite visual interpretation. The results suggested that the temporal-spatial stability of Hamoons mainly depends on the Hirmand inflow. It is known that the Hirmand Hamoon Lake is more unstable than other water bodies in the basin. The Puzak Lake is more stable. It should be stated that in hydrological drought events the .response of the hyper saline Godzereh lake is very gradual. Analyzing the Topax/Poseiden Jason satellite data, the variation of the Puzak Hamoon during the critical long period of droughts is evaluated. Irrevocable changes have occurred in land cover, due to the shallow depths and excessive dependence on the Hirmand inflow and operation of upper reservoirs (Kajaki and Arghandab dams in Afghanistan). It is shown that a long period of normal discharge is needed for hydro-ecological balances and compensation of losses in this vulnerable ecosystem.