توليد بذر مصنوعي بوسيله كپسولي كردن رويان هاي پيكري در گياه سيب زميني (Solanum tuberosum L.)

(Solanum tuberosum L.)

1 Dept. of Biology, Faculty of sciences, Islamic Azad university, Tehran.I.R.of Iran 2 Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj.I.R.of Iran In this research, a procedure for technology of synthetic seed production using somatic embryo of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. )cv. Agria has been reported. An efficient procedure has been developed for inducing somatic embryogenesis from petiole cultures of potato cv. Agria, which has not reported previously, in addition production of synthetic seed in potato by induction of somatic embryogenesis in iran has not been reported previously. A two-step protocol produced somatic embryo .petiole sections were initially cultured on 2,4 Dicchlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) supplemented Murashige and skoog (MS) Media. Nodoular embryogenic callus developed the explants on media containing 2,4-D and BAP. The explants with primary callus were subsequently moved onto MS media containing Z , GA3 and BAP. Treatment with Z and BAP resulted in the induction of the highest number of somatic embryos directly. In this research, A technique for the encapsulation of somatic embryo in calcium alginate beads was tested. The technique involves suspending plant material (i.e. plant cell, tissues, organs, shoot tips, somatic embryo) in a sodium alginate solution and then dripping it into a stirred calcium chloride solution, somatic embryo transferred to liquid basal Murashige and Skoog medium with sodium alginate mixture and then dripping into calcium chloride solution to produce synthetic seed, sodium alginate 2% and calcium chloride 1% was best for encapsulation. Eighty percent of somatic embryo encapsulated in calcium alginate beads germinated. The seed germinated on hormone-free MS medium and after 6 days developed into complete plantlets successfully, which grew into full plants in 3-4 weeks. Keywords: tissue culture, somatic embryogenesis, Solanum tuberosum cv. Agria, petiole