انتقال ژن به پلاستيد در گياهان: مرور كامل بر مكانيسم و پيشرفت هاي حاصل و محدوديت هاي موجود

Plastid transformation in plants: a review on mechanism, progresses and constraints

Plant genetic transformation technologies are of pivotal importance to both basic and applied research. For several years, foreign gene transfer was feasible only for nuclear genome. Recently, because of unique advantages, another plant genome namely plastome {circular DNA of plastids (semi-independent organelles with bacterial origin)}, has become the center of attention for plant genetic transformers. After the first success in gene transfer into the plastids of tobacco plants by Maliga and coworkers, many attempts have been made to extend the technology in other plants. While some of these efforts have led to acceptable results, but so far, tobacco is the only plant with relatively high transformation efficiency and the extension of this technique to important crop plants such as maize has faced several crucial problems. In this article, not only the molecular bases and progresses in extension of plastid transformation technique are explained, but also restrictions and problems related to the extension of this technology have been discussed.