اثر پذيري هاي ژنوم

Genome susceptibilities

The effect of environment on genome can be studied from two different aspects of "the effect of environment on genome expression" and "the effect of environment on genome structure". The effect of environment on genome can take place in the form of change in genome structure which is called mutation. This change may range from one nucleotide to a large section of genome. This change can also develop both in vegetative and generative cells which may have two different outcomes. There are many physical and chemical mutagens involved in immergence of these types of mutations which may cause certain diseases like cancer. On the other hand, the effect of environment on the change of genome expression in response to environmental stimulants may be categorized in two forms of "limited reaction" and "sustained reaction". In contrast, there are certain situations in which the variation developed in gene by environmental signals remain sustained for a long time in the absence of inductive signal in cellular memory. This group of responses is classified as "gene epigenetic order" that can influence the emergence of different traits and its individual and social outcomes and also behavioral characteristics. Considering different epigenetic dimensions, the rule of environment becomes more prominent than the past. There are possibilities of occurring genetic and environmental changes in plant, animal and microorganism aspects. In the context of human aspect, currently we can consider only environmental variations to which it is confined genetic variations within certain diseases. In the light of environmental and epigenetic effect it provides more knowledge about their higher capacities on their influences and effects on both individual and community. Many human physical and mental disorders and behavioral characteristics find roots in epigenetic. Among them are different types of cancers, Parkinson, Alzheimer, diabetics, schizophrenia, depression, ethics, culture, antisocial behaviors and addictions. any distortion in mother and child relation like being deprived from mother and her emotions and conditions experience after pregnancy and delivery bring about certain series of epigenetic changes in baby which will be with it throughout his or her life and eventually may causes mental, behavioral, moral, cultural and intellectual disorders. Inheritance of mother post delivery behaviors to the baby has also epigenetic origin. Therefore considering wide and deep epigenetic effect, it can be expected that by having behavioral, moral, cultural, social, intellectual, political, economical, dedicational, sport, normality and abnormality patterns change, better achievement in human community would be reached.