راهكارهاي اندازه گيري ارتفاع و طول درختان مايل

Leaning trees height and length determination procedures

Since tree stem contains main usable wood of forest stands, determination of stem volume and all factors that can affect on this parameter is an important forest inventory problem. Stem height is one of serious factors in tree stem volume determination that its indirect measurement sometimes gets number of problems for instance stem lean. In order to minimize the estimation error that leaning trees have to be measured from a location that tree has no lean to this point. Find of such points is difficult, especially in dense, steep and with dense understory stands. Therefore, it can increase forest inventory costs. In this paper two applied procedures for leaning trees height estimation from its lean direction are presented and compared with common method (estimation from a point with no lean). Based on 49 leaning trees (29 Eucalyptus camaldulensis and 20 Fagus orientalis) height measurements, the results showed that presented procedures have not any statistical significant difference with common method (P>0.05). Additionally, because tree length is more important than its height, we tabulated height, tip offset distance and length of leaning trees and one can obtain leaning tree length with recorded tip offset distance and height without calculation in the field.