تبيين و تحليل علم قدسي در سنّت‌گرايي دكتر سيّدحسين نصر

The explanation and analysis of divine knowledge in the traditionalist approach of Seyyed Hossein Nasr

مقصود دكتر نصر از علم، علوم تجربي رايج در غرب است كه از سوي تفكر غربي اداره مي‌شود. به اعتقاد وي، بايد علوم تجربي با هويت سنّتي توليد شوند. راه نقد غرب و مدرنيسم، در دست داشتن مباني حكمت خالده و جايگزين كردن آن به جاي تجدد غربي است. علم جديد مايه بحران‌هاي مختلف نظير بحران زيست‌محيطي بوده است. علوم سنّتي بر اصول ماوراي طبيعي بنا شده‌اند و عميقاً با پيش‌فرض‌هاي فلسفي علوم جديد تفاوت دارند. علوم جديد نه‌تنها ادراك ديني و فلسفي از نظام طبيعت را در غرب به افول كشانيد، بلكه علوم سنّتي را به‌كلي از ميان برد. علم جديد بايد در جايگاه شايسته‌اي كه مابعدالطبيعه و حكمت جاويدان مشخص ساخته، قرار گيرد. علم قدسي، تابعي از «امر قدسي» به شمار مي‌آيد و امر قدسي با عالم روح كلي در ارتباط است، نه با نفس. حكمت خالده، مهم‌ترين مبناي علم قدسي است. مهم‌ترين تكيه‌گاه علوم مقدس، وحي است. هدف نهايي علوم سنّتي هدف متعالي سنّت يعني «بازتاب سيماي معشوق كلّ» است.

By knowledge, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, has meant the ordinary experimental knowledge in West which has been conducted through western thought. In his view, it is better for experimental knowledge to be produced by the means of traditionalist approach. To criticize western thought in general and modernism in specific, it is helpful to acquire the foundations of perennial wisdom and replace it with modernity. New science has been the origins of various crises such as environmental ones. Traditional knowledge was based on metaphysical origins and has been deeply differed from philosophical presumptions of new science. New science in west not only made a decline in the religious and philosophical understanding of nature, but also caused traditional knowledge to be vanished. Metaphysics and perennial wisdom presumed an ideal position for new science. Divine knowledge is a light of divine eternal command which keeps its relation with spiritual world, not the soul itself. Perennial wisdom is a crucial basis for divine knowledge. Revelation considered being the main source of divine knowledge. Through this article, it is believed that the final objective of traditional knowledge has to be taken as the transcendental perspective of tradition, that is, "reflection of the eternal beloved appearance".