اثرات نامطلوب ورودي‌هاي شهر در ايران و ضرورت اصلاح آن‌ها

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CITY ENTRANCE SPACES AND THEIR NEED FOR REFORM IN IRAN

فضاي ورودي شهرها به‌عنوان يكي از فضاهاي شهري و مفصل اتصال‌‌دهنده‌ي فضاي طبيعي خارج و فضاي مصنوعي داخل شهر عمل مي‌كند. توسعه‌ي بي‌رويه شهرها و توجه نكردن به الگوهاي توسعه‌ي فضايي مناسب باعث ايجاد ضعف در شكل و محتواي فضاهاي ورودي شهرها ‌شده و اين فضاها را دچار مشكلات و نابه‌ساماني‌هاي متعدد كرده است. ممانعت از گسترش نابه‌ساماني در اين عرصه‌ها مستلزم اتخاذ تدابير ويژه و راه‌گشاست. هدف از اين نوشتار، طراحي دوباره‌ي يك بخش فراموش‌شده شهري به‌شكلي تازه و با بياني هماهنگ با نيازهاي امروز، و نيز سامان‌دهي عملكردي ورودي شهر در تركيبي درست است. در اين پژوهش ابتدا ورودي (به‌عنوان يكي از فضاهاي شهري) و مهم‌ترين كاركردهاي آن تشريح شده، و سپس با توجه به معيارها و ضوابط عملياتي به عوامل موثر در طراحي آنها پرداخته و فضاي ورودي شهر زنجان (مسير آزادراه تهران ـ‌ زنجان) به‌صورت گرافيكي طراحي شده است.

The entrance space of cities acts as an urban space, a joint that links the natural space outside to the artificial space inside. The illogical and unscheduled development of cities, as well as a lack of concern for suitable space development paradigms, has brought about weaknesses in the form and content of the entrance spaces of cities in Iran. This has caused numerous problems, which necessitates the undertaking of special and ground-breaking measures. The ravages of the epidemic until it has been common, this field cannot even meet the minimum requirements to read as well as an urban area. Expanding the ravages of the precipitous rate in these areas if that becomes inevitable in the future components of the inner city Special measures will be necessary to help. The entrance space in cities and urban areas is considered one of the first spaces in a city that should deal with the phenomenon, given the input patterns in the spatial relationship between these phenomena. Studies in urban areas are according to the most basic approaches. Thus, to achieve appropriate solutions in urban planning and in coordinating the input current, due to the nature of the input, an understanding of this phenomenon and the characteristics of one of the most fundamental issues must be considered in urban design. The entrance spaces of old cities show the evolution of social expression, cultural, political, economic and technical. Over time, the patterns of biological communities in the settlements of the land are affected. Spaces and entrance gates into an old town and fort-defined coordinates, entrances to corridors with scattered ugly, worn out and worthless residential buildings and abandoned spaces, are the disturbing results of uncontrolled growth and development of modern cities. The beginnings of a city’s growth or, in other words, definitions of the limits of a city, are irrelevant and meaningless. The present article tries to designate and reform a long forgotten urban sector into a new form, taking into account current needs and the functional organization of the entrances to the cities, in an appropriate way, in order to satisfy the needs emerging upon entering cities. In this research, we have first identified and introduced entrances as an urban space, as well as the important function of entrance gates, causing consequential problems. Then, we have identified the factors affecting the design of the entrances to cities. We have graphically designed factors relating to the entrance space of Zanjan (Tehran- Zanjan Express way): The entrance to a contemporary city, the expectations of the main points of entry, the ravages of those functions it has to grapple with, proper attention to the obtained results and considering functional regulations and criteria.