ارزيابي ميزان اثربخشي برنامه‌هاي آموزشي براي تغيير رفتار كودكان و نوجوانان در رويارويي با تهديد‌هاي ترافيكي

The Effectiveness of Annual Education Programs on Child Road Safety (Case Study, Rural Roads, Iran)

تصادفات مربوط به پياده دانش‌آموز به‌دليل عدم آگاهي و آشنايي نسبت به خطرات ترافيكي در اطراف مدرسه و همچنين مسيرهاي مدرسه تا منزل باعث شده است تا اين گروه از كاربران راه‌ها ــ خصوصاً دانش‌آموزاني كه در مدارس حاشيه‌ي جاده‌هاي اصلي مشغول به تحصيل‌اند ــ بيشتر از ديگر كاربران جاده‌اي در معرض خطر قرار گيرند و در زمره‌ي گروه‌هاي آسيب‌پذير در حوادث جاده‌اي به‌شمار روند.[1] بر اين اساس طرح آموزش ايمني عبور و مرور و ايمن‌سازي مدارس حاشيه‌ي راه‌ها در يك دوره‌ي هشت‌ساله و با استفاده از روش‌ها و شيوه‌هاي علمي و عملي مصاحبه، پرسش‌نامه و شاخص‌هاي كمي و كيفي مورد ارزيابي قرار گرفت. نتايج حاصله نشان داد در سال‌هاي اجراي طرح كه تعداد دانش‌آموزان حدود 5/1 ميليون بوده و 8 ميليون نفرـ ساعت فعاليت آموزشي انجام شده است، ميانگين نمرات دانش‌آموزان در آزمون اوليه از 3 به 14 و در آزمون نهايي از 14 به 5/17 (طي سال‌هاي 1384 تا 1388) ارتقا يافته است. همچنين در سال‌هاي ياد‌شده تعداد تلفات دانش‌آموزان در محدوده‌ي مدارس از 1987 نفر به 598 نفر رسيده كه معادل 70‌درصد كاهش داشته و در محدوده‌ي خارج از مدارس نيز از 2734 نفر به 1257 نفر (معادل 54 درصد)[2] كاهش يافته است.

Road safety is one of the most essential concerns in developing countries, where the majority of road fatalities are from road accidents. Because of the vulnerability of children in road crashes, they are at the centre of plans utilized towards road safety. International agencies place a great emphasis on child health, and road safety is considered important. It is believed that children need to be more careful, regarding their abilities and knowledge. Training and education are the most important parts of child safety, and evaluation is the final process of executing training plans. To decrease the number of student fatalities, a comprehensive plan of child road safety, which focuses on children whose schools are located near rural roads, has been implemented. An improving road safety plan, including training, physical measures and dissemination of educational matters to students and their parents, has been undertaken throughout Iran. In this paper, the effectiveness of annual education programs has been studied on improving child safety, for those whose schools are located near rural roads. An official methodology of the education process, including cultural and constructive measures, has been introduced to improve children’s abilities regarding hazard diagnosis and safety skills. Constructive measures include road signs that indicate drivers to be aware when they are close to rural schools, and some low cost measures, such as dividing the routes of pedestrians and cars. Child fatalities and knowledge scores are considered as comparison measures, based on hospital statistics, using before and after implementation. Considering student knowledge improvement, a number of children have been analyzed, and results reveal that the effects of annual education programs have significant effects on child safety. Statistical measures based on hospital data, show that the number of fatalities regarding school children, decreased from 4721 to 1288 during the six year time study; from 2004 to 2010.