مشروعيت و الزام سياسي در اسلام

Legitimacy and Political Obligation in Islam

مسيله اصلي اين است كه از نظر فلسفه سياسي اسلامي و متون ديني اسلام چه مسايلي به عنوان مباني مشروعيت حكومت اسلامي و الزام سياسي شهروندان تعريف مي‏شود؟ روش بحث عمدتا استدلالي (فلسفي كلامي) و استنادات به آيات قرآن است. مشروعيت و الزام سياسي در يك ارتباط نزديك بوده، و مشروعيت فرض پيشين الزام سياسي به حساب مي‏آيد. از نظر اسلام، ولايت الهي منشا و اساس مشروعيت حكومت است. ولايت الهي به حكم «شكر منعم» از ناحيه خداوند و انبياي الهي و امامان معصوم ضرورت اطاعت دارد. ولايت فقهاي عادل، مشروعيت و لزوم اطاعت آنان نيز در همين زمينه قابل فهم است.

The main question of the present paper is: what things are considered as the foundations of the legitimacy of Islamic government and political obligation of citizens from the perspective of Islamic political philosophy and religious resources in Islam? The discussion is based mainly on (philosophical-theological reasoning) and reference to Quranic verses. Legitimacy and political obligation are closely interconnected and legitimacy is considered as presupposition of political obligation. In Islam, divine guardianship is the origin and foundation of legitimacy of government. In order to express “gratitude to benefactor", it is necessary to accept the divine guardianship of God, divine prophets and infallible Imams. The guardianship of just jurists, its legitimacy and the necessity of obeying them can be understood in this context.