كاربرد روش تحقيق كيفي براي فهم ابعاد عاطفي مكان (نمونه موردي: فضاي زيرزميني شوادان)

A Qualitative Research Illustrated in Understanding Emotional Dimensions of Place: an Underground Space Named Shavadan

اين مقاله به بررسي ابعاد عاطفي مكان در فضاي زيرزميني شوادان كه در فصول گرم سال در خانه‌هاي شهر دزفول استفاده مي‌شود مي‌پردازد. موضوع اين تحقيق، عدم پاسخگويي به برخي از نيازهاي روحي و آسايشي مردم در معماري امروز است. در معماري گذشته ايران، مكان‌هاي فراواني يافت مي‌شدند كه مي‌توانستند آثار روحي مثبتي را براي مردم در خود داشته باشند. اما اينكه چه تجربه‌اي تعامل بين مردم و مكان سكونت و استقرارشان را تعريف مي‌كند، و اين تجربه چگونه و در چه ابعادي از احساس و عاطفه رخ مي‌نمايد، تاكنون در ايران بررسي نشده است. هدف اين تحقيق نيز دستيابي به چنين ابعادي از تجربه حضور مردم در شوادان‌هاست. فهم تجربه مردم در كشف ابعاد عاطفي مكان، برآمده از نگرش پديدارشناسانه به مكان است. لذا روش تحقيق انتخابي، پديدارشناختي است. اما اهميت شوادان به عنوان نمونه مكاني اين تحقيق، نخست به خاطر نوع معماري متمايز آن است كه در مقايسه با ساختارهاي متداول، طبيعتي بكر را در خانه‌هاي دزفولي فراهم آورده است. دليل دوم انتخاب شوادان، تداوم زندگي در آن دسته از خانه‌هاي دزفولي است كه گاه از فضاي زيرزميني آنها استفاده مي‌شود. اين تحقيق با مصاحبه نيمه‌ساختاري از 20 نفر، بر پايه تعامل مردم و مكان شوادان، به نتايجي از كشف معاني‌اي چون انقطاع، آرامش، تنش‌زدايي، فراغت ذهن و تفكر رسيده است. معاني به‌دست آمده، مفهوم مكان شوادان را از بعد عاطفي نشان مي‌دهند.

In people-environment relationship lived-experience is likely to be a significant component of place meaning known as phenomenological works that attribute to understanding unconcealed environmental properties and meanings. In this article a group of selected persons was conducted to find out the emotional dimensions of a place named Shavadan. Shavadan found as a sophisticated underground space of Iranian houses in Dezful. It looks like – but really it is not - a segregated part from the whole configuration of a house. This place with 5-15 meters depth has been excavated completely under the ground with access to a series of stairs mostly from the courtyard. This study regards to human well-being and his demands and focuses on the non-physical human needs that mostly are not responded. The main problem is that while human live in architectural contemporary modern places, the answers to his emotional demands are totally incomplete. There are different places throughout Iranian traditional architecture in which dwellers positively might be influenced in interaction with whole space. Throughout the variety of indigenous house typology in Iran, searching a variety of indoor residential spaces, mostly the private types, and the case study was selected in Dezful city for its existing residents and special distinctive properties of Shavadan that cannot be easily found in modern buildings. Shavadan which means a dark place is used during hot summer days. It has been excavated completely under the ground with access to a series of stairs mostly from the courtyard. There is a peculiar feature where the walls and roof are exactly in the form of buried/ dug ground but not an ordinary ground, which looks like an integrated screen of stony texture. Geologically, Dezful’s earth is sedimentary rock, called conglomerate. Consequently, among the verities of living spaces, at the time of long hot summer days, even the total shadowed parts of semi-open space “Iwan” are uncomfortable, and there fore the residents move to Shavadan till the heat intensity would drop at about sunset. Concerning the non-physical aspects of Shavadan, the person’s image of being in a living space, taps into a personal experience, never studied before to understand its nature. To learn about such kind of place that is meaningful to people, a phenomenological study and 20 semi-structured interviews conducted to find ant the human experiences in the mentioned place. Here, the research questions are based on two matters of what people do experience in interaction with place and how they experience it. Two groups of people participated for interviews inside Shavadan the first group had no experience, so they perceived the place for the first time; and the second one the local people experience it they lived in the place, experienced it and communicated with it by their occupation of the space. The feelings and emotions of the member of two mentioned groups were conveyed through their non-physical interaction with the environment. The qualitative thematic analysis reveals phenomena such as distinctiveness, tranquility, relief as well as thoughtfulness, etc.