علل و عوامل بروز و ادامه طغيان نايبيان

Reasons for the Outbreak and Continuance of the Rebellion of the Nayebian Group

در خلال بين سال‌هاي 1324ق./ 1907م. تا 1337ق./ 1919م. طغياني در منطقه مركزي ايران با مركزيت كاشان به وجود آمد. سردسته طغيانگران، نايب‌حسين كاشي و پسرش ماشا الله خان بودند. محدوده جغرافيايي اين طغيان، از جنوب قم تا يزد و از مورچه‌خورت تا حوالي طبس را شامل مي‌شد. پاره‌اي علل و عوامل، باعث بروز و ادامه طغيان نايبيان در اين محدوده گرديد. علل و عوامل محلي، ملي و فراملي، باعث شد كه طغياني با اين وسعت شكل بگيرد و سال‌هاي متمادي ادامه يابد. اين نوشته، به دنبال شرح و بسط اين علل و عوامل است. در عوامل محلي به موقعيت طبيعي منطقه كاشان و اختلاف و دودستگي اهالي كاشان، شگردهاي نايبيان، حكام كاشان و ناكارآمدي ادارات محلي مي‌پردازد. در عوامل ملي، از آمد و شد پياپي كابينه‌ها، فقدان ارتش، كمبود بودجه و تشكيلات نامتمركز وزارت ماليه، فساد مركزنشينان و تباهي نيروهاي اعزامي از مركز و نايب، اهرمي براي فشار به مشروطه خواهان مطرح شده و سياست خارجي انگلستان در قبال ايران، تلگرافخانه انگليس و نايبيان، جنگ جهاني اول و بيكاري، به عنوان عوامل فراملي بروز و ادامه طغيان نايبيان، بحث شده است.

Between the years 1907 and 1919 a rebellion raised in the central region of Iran with its center being in Kashan. The rebels were headed by Nayeb Hossein Kashi and his son Masha’allah Khan. The Geographic region of this rebellion was from the south of Qom to Yazd and from Moorchekhort to around Tabas. A number of reasons lead to the outbreak and continuance of the Nayebian rebellion in this region. Local, national and international reasons caused a rebellion with such vastness to form and continue for several years. This paper aims to explain these reasons. The local reasons discussed in this article include: the natural conditions of the Kashan region, disputes and divisions among the people of Kashan, the tricks of the Nayebian, the rulers of Kashan and the non-functioning of local administrations of Kashan. The national factors include frequently changing cabinets, lack of an army, budget deficits and the organization of the finance ministry, the corruption of government staff, the corruption of forces sent from the central government to Kashan, and the fact that the government used Nayeb as a lever of power against constitutionalists. The following reasons are also discussed as international factors for the outbreak and continuance of the rebellion of the Nayebian: the foreign policy of England toward Iran, the telegraph house of England in Kashan and its relation with the Nayebian, the First World War, and unemployment due to importing textile from foreign countries.