اصل خير و رابطه آن با خداي خالق و صانع از ديدگاه افلاطون

The Principle of Goodness and Its Relation with God as the Creator and Designer of the World, from the Perspective of Plato

افلاطون از اولين فيلسوفاني است كه به‌نحو عميق و جامعي به مسيله خير و خدا و رابطه اين‌دو پرداخته است. در فلسفه او اصل خير يك حقيقت وجودي مي‌باشد و صرفاً يك امر اخلاقي نيست. در اين پژوهش ديدگاه او درباره اصل خير و خدا و ابهامات مربوط به اين دو مسيله مورد بررسي قرار مي‌گيرد و در نهايت رابطه اين‌دو مسيله در فلسفه او تبيين مي‌گردد. برخلاف ادعاي مشهور مبني بر اينكه خدا در فلسفه افلاطون را كه همان اصل خير است، تنها خداي صانع مي‎داند و او را خداي خالق نمي‎داند؛ اين مقاله با تكيه بر شواهدي مستند از رساله‌هاي افلاطون، بر اين باور است كه خداي صانع، همان خداي خالق است؛ زيرا ايده‌ها را كه قديم زماني در نظر گرفته شده‎اند، از عدم آفريده است و او در حقيقت عين اصل خير مي‌باشد.

One of first philosophers who deeply and comprehensively considered the issue of good and God and their relation is Plato. According to his philosophy, the principle of good is an existential reality and is not a mere ethical issue. Platoʹs view regarding God and the principle of good and the ambiguities of the two will be investigated in this article and finally the relation between the two will be explained according to Platoʹs philosophy. Unlike the famous claim which says Plato believes God, which is the same as the principle of good, as the designer and not the creator, this article will prove, based on some evidences documented by Platoʹs treatises, that God as the designer is the same as God as the creator; because he has created the ideas, which are considered eternal, from nothingness and he is in fact identical with the principle of good.