بررسي اصلاح طلبي و نوگرايي از ديدگاه فرّخي يزدي (1318-1267 ش)

Investigation of Reformism and Modernism from Farrokhi’s standpoint (1267-1318)

مفهوم اصلا ح طلبي و تجدّدخواهي يكي از موضوعات اصلي، گسترده و متنوّع در دوره مشروطه بود و روشن فكران و مشروطه خواهان، هر كدام برداشتي خاص از آن داشتند، كه بعدها تناقضات و مشكلات بسيار تاريخي، فرهنگي و سياسي ايجاد كرد. فرّخي يزدي نيز با توجّه به گرايش هاي سياسي و انديشه هاي مسلكي و سبك انتقادي شديد خود، بطور جدّي به اصلاحات زيربنايي و انقلاب فكري و اخذ علوم و فنون غربي مي انديشيد و در مبارزات سياسي و قلمي، بدان مي پرداخت. از اين رو بيش ترين بسامد موضوعي سرمقالات وي «انتقادات مستقيم عليه حكومت و دولت خودكامه» و «مجلس پوشالي» و سپس «اصلاح طلبي، آرمان خواهي و نوگرايي» بود، كه تاكنون تحقيقي مستقل در اين باره پديد نيامده است. نگارنده در اين نوشتار مي كوشد براساس نتايج بازخواني و تجزيه و تحليل روزنامه ها، سرمقالات و اشعار فرّخي، از سه منظر زير به نقد و بررسي ديدگاه هاي وي درباره اصلاح طلبي و نوگرايي بپردازد: الف ـ موانع و مشكلات بر سر راه مشروطه خواهي، اصلاحات انقلابي و فكري؛ ب ـ ضرورت اصلاحات انقلابي و فكري و عوامل موثّر در آن؛ ج ـ شيوه هاي نوگرايي و اخذ علوم و فنون غربي.

The concept of Reformation and modernism is one of the main, wide scope and diverse subjects in constitutional period and intellectuals and constitutionalists each had a certain impression of it which later caused conflicts and created many historical, cultural and political problems. Farrokhi Yazdi, considering his political tendencies and his thoughts and his harsh critical style, seriously believed in fundamental reform, revival of ideas and acquisition of western science and technology and in his political fights this has been his constant preoccupation. Thus, the most frequent subject matter in his editorials was concerned with direct criticism against the dogmatic regime, and flimsy parliament, also reform, idealism, and modernism. As yet not a single research has been done on this aspect. Attempt is made in this article to criticize and investigate Farrokhi’s viewpoints on Reformation and Modernism based on the result of reviewing and analysis of newspapers, editorials, and his poetry from the following perspectives: A- Obstacles and problems on a way to Constitutionalism, Revolutionary Reforms B- Necessity for Revolutionary Reforms and influential factors involved C- Modern Approaches and acquisition of western science and technology