تاملي در سلامان و ابسال جامي

A consideration on Jami’s Masnavi ‎ Salaman and Absal

حكايت سلامان و ابسال داستاني است رمز‌آلود كه به واسطه آن علاوه بر جامي و خواجه نصير و ‏حنين بن اسحاق، كساني چون ابن‌سينا كه رساله‌اي رمزي به همين نام در فهرست تاليفاتش ضبط ‏است و ابن طفيل مغربي(ف. 592 هـ ق) كه در اثري به نام «حي بن يقظان» شخصيت‌هايي به نام ‏سلامان و ابسال را مطرح مي‌كند، و محمدبن عثمان(ف. 940 هـ. ق) كه منظومه تركي به نام «ابسال ‏و سالمان» از او به يادگار مانده، و داود نبي(ع) كه فرزنداني به نام سليمان و ابسالن(ابشالوم يا ابي ‏شالوم) داشته است و هم‌چنين پادشاهان آشور كه نام پنج تن از آنان سلمان سر(شلمنصر) بوده است ‏پايشان به ميان كشيده مي‌شود. رمزي بودن، تشابه تمام يا قسمتي از روايت‌هاي مختلف اين داستان با ‏يك‌ديگر، ترجمه و مباحث حكمي و عرفاني و تاريخي از جمله اين مناسبت‌ها است. ‏ نگارنده در اين مقاله قصد دارد ضمن بازشناسي منشا داستان سلامان و ابسال از طريق روايات ‏تاريخي و بررسي اجمالي رموز آن از ديدگاه‌هاي مختلف، انگيزه كساني چون ابن‌سينا، خواجه نصير، ‏جامي و ديگران را از توجه به اين داستان كهن روشن نمايد. ‏ مقايسه مختصر «سلامان و ابسال»‌ها و هم‌چنين مقابله با داستان‌هايي نظير شاه و كنيزك مثنوي ‏معنوي از ديگر اهداف اين پژوهش است. ‏

Noor-al-din abd-al-rahman Jami (898-817 A. H.) the poet and author in 9th century of Hejrh, possesses a high rank that he has titled the last and the highest poets. This great author has written much works such as Haft Ourang that consists of the Mathnavi of selselatolzahb, Salaman and Absal, Kherad namehe Eskandari and the prose work such as Nafahat-al-ons, Lavayeh, Lavameh, Naqd-al-Nosos, shawahed-al-nobovah, Ashaehe al-lamaat and Baharestan. He was interested in mystiscism and Sufism and the Ibin Arabi’s works especially in Fosos-Al-Hekam and Fotuhate Makkieh. Jami’s Salaman and Abahresal is a Famous Mathnavi which is composed in Bahre(rhyme) Raml and it consist, of the moral and systi information along with attractive tales and allegories. The total concept of this Mathnavi is: Salaman is a prince who is nourished by a woman named Absal. Absal falls in love with Salaman and they escape, they get into difficulties in lonely life and they put out to sea. Absal is died and Salaman is alived. A philosopher cures him and with the friendship of zohre remedies him to forget Absal. Salam and Absal is secret tale. On its basis, Jami, Khajeh Nasir, Honai-ebne-Eshaq and Avicenna created some work in his name. Ebne Tofeil of Morocco in his works named Hay-ebne-Yaghzan, mentions the characters salaman and Absal. Mohammad- bne – Ottoman has a versified story titled Salaman and Absal in Turkish. David – the prophet – Has children named Salaman and Absalen. The aim of this study’s author is to recognize the source of Salama and absal tale through historical sayings and a brief research of its secrets on different viewpoints such as Avicenna, khajeh Nasir, Jami, and et. al. The comparison of other inavailable Salaman and Absal and contrastive with the tales of Shah and kanizak in Mathnavi Roomi is the another aim of this study.