تحليل عناصر نيت و ترس نهفته در گفتمان ‏شخصيت‌هاي نمايشنامه سرايدار ‏اثر هارولد پينتر ‏از ديدگاه اصول همكاري و تلويح زباني گرايس

The analysis of character’s inner intention and ‎threat in Harold Pinter’s The Caretaker:‎‎ from the perspective of Grice’s co-operative ‎principles and maxims

پينتر يكي از نمايشنامه‌نويسان مدرن در قرن بيستم است كه با به كارگيري سبك جديدي از ‏زبان، در آثارش شخصيت‌هايي را مي‌پروراند كه زيركانه در رفتار زباني‌شان نيت و ترس دروني‌شان را ‏پنهان مي‌سازند. شخصيت‌ها در نمايشنامه پينتر حرف مي‌زنند تا بر ترس‌هاي درون خود غلبه كنند. از ‏آن‌جا كه با تحليل گفتمان و ديالوگ شخصيت‌ها مي‌توان به نيات دروني آنها پي‌برد، اين مقاله بر آن ‏است تا گفتگوهاي شخصيت‌هاي نمايشنامه «سرايدار» اثر پينتر را در چارچوب اصول همكاري و دلالت ‏زباني گرايس تجزيه و تحليل كند. نتيجه، ضمن اين‌كه اين ايستارهاي دروني را باز مي‌كاود، كاربرد ‏رويكرد‌هاي زبان‌شناسي و مدل گرايس را در مورد تحليل آثار ادبيات روايي هم نشان مي‌دهد. ‏

This study is an attempt to analyze characters’ discourse and dialogue, in Harold Pinter’s The Caretaker within Grice’s framework to show the framework can reveal the characters’ intention and anxiety. The results reveal that characters hide their inner intentions and even their identity because of some social and psychological reasons. Mostly, they suffer from lack of social security and identity, because of psychological and social status(problems) of modern man, particularly in western societies. This framework(Grice’s theory of co-operative principles) proves itself applicable to literary analysis, reading and analyzing literature, and literary criticism. Such a linguistic framework which has been focused to be useful for such purposes is Grice’s co-operative principles and conversational implicatures. Since Grice’s theory of co-operative principles focuses on conversation and dialogue and one of the important parts of drama is dialogue, it is suitable to analyze pieces of drama in the light of Grice’s model. Harold Pinter, the famous modern American playwright uses a particular style of language, showing how characters smartly hide their inner intention, behind their language. They try to communicate with others but every time they do, communication is broken down. Through analyzing the characters’ dialogues in The Caretaker from the perspective of Grice’s co-operative principles and maxims, the aim of this study is to try to penetrate within characters’ mind in order to find their inner intention and threat.