بررسي تنوع ژنتيكي لاك پشت دريايي منقار عقابي (Eretmochelys imbricata) موجود در دو جزيره كيش و قشم با استفاده از تعيين توالي ناحيه D-loop ژنوم ميتوكندري

Genetic diversity of sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) in the Kish and Queshm Islands using D-loop region of mitochondrial Genome sequencing

به منظور مطالعه تنوع ژنتيكي جمعيت لاك پشت منقار عقابي (Eretmochelys imbricata) در دو جزيره خليج فارس با استفاده از تعيين توالي ناحيه D-loop ژنوم ميتوكندري، 40عدد جنين مرده لاك پشت از دو جزيره قشم و كيش جمع آوري گرديد. حدود bp890 از ناحيه D-loop ژنوم ميتوكندري تكثير و تعيين توالي شد. در اين مطالعه 5 محل (مكان) پلي مورف و 6 هاپلوتيپ بدست آمد. تنوع هاپلوتيپي و نوكليوتيدي براي جزيره قشم بترتيب 82/0 و 001/0 و براي جزيره كيش 56/0 و 002/0 محاسبه شد. تنوع هاپلوتيپي كل نيز 71/0 تعيين گرديد. نتايج حاصله نشان دهنده ميزان مهاجرت و تردد بسيار بالا بين دو جزيره است بطوريكه عملاً جمعيت لاك پشت هاي دو جزيره يك جمعيت واحد به حساب مي آيند. از نقطه نظر جغرافياي تكاملي، مقايسه نتايج اين تحقيق با اطلاعات مربوط به مطالعات قبلي نشان داد كه جمعيت لاك پشت هاي خليج فارس با گذشتن از اقيانوس آرام و درياي عمان وارد اين منطقه گرديده و اين جمعيت ها از نواحي غربي به اين منطقه مهاجرت نمي‏نمايند.

Study of genetic diversity of sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) was conducted using of sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (D-loop region) in the Persian Gulf. 40 dead embryos were collected from the Kish and Queshm Islands. The D-loop region of mitochondrial gene was partially sequenced and phylogenetic relationships between them were obtained. In this expriment 5 polymorphism and 6 haplotype locations were obtained. Nucleotide and haplotype diversity were 0.82 and 0.001 for Qeshm Island 0.56 and 0.002 for Kish Island, respectively. Total haplotype diversity was calculated as 0.71, which showed low genetic diversity in the study areas. The data also was established very high rates of immigration between the populations of two mentioned islands, as the population of turtles in the two islands are considered as a one population. As a point of geography evolutionary, comparing our data with data from previous studies that had been downloaded from a gene bank showed that the population of turtles of the Persian Gulf had been crossed from the Pacific and Oman Sea into this area. On the other hand, evidence of migration of these populations to the west areas was not found.