ارزيابي كيفيت زندگي در روستاهاي ادغام شده پس از سوانح طبيعي

بارش باران هاي شديد در مرداد 1384 در نواحي شرقي استان گلستان منجر به رخداد دو سيل ويرانگر گرديد كه اين سيلاب ها از جمله خسارت بار ترين سيل هاي رخ داده در كشور بودند. به منظور جلوگيري از تكرار اين حادثه اقدام به انتقال و تجميع يازده روستاي شهرستان كلاله (كه در سيلاب هاي اخير گرگانرود و سرشاخه هاي آن خسارات زيادي ديده بودند) به منطقه پيشكمر گرديد. هدف از انجام تحقيق حاضر، بررسي تاثيرات تجميع روستاهاي آسيب ديده از سيل بر كيفيت زندگي ساكنين محلي با استفاده از شاخص هاي ذهني مي باشد. بدين منظور 10 قلمرو كيفيت زندگي شامل كيفيت محيط، مسكن، آموزش، سلامت، به زيستي فردي، مشاركت، تفريح و اوقات فراغت، اطلاعات و ارتباطات، اشتغال و درآمد و ثروت براي مطالعه كيفيت زندگي در ناحيه مورد مطالعه انتخاب شد. جامعه آماري تحقيق خانوار هاي ساكن در شهر جديد پيشكمر مي باشند. براي تعيين تعداد پرسشنامه مورد نياز (حجم نمونه) از فرمول كوكران استفاده گرديد. همچنين جهت بررسي پايايي پرسشنامه از آزمون آماري كرونباخ آلفا استفاده شد. پرسشنامه هاي مورد استفاده (200 نمونه) از سوالات بسته با پاسخ هايي در طيف ليكرت پنج مقياسي متناسب با قلمرو هاي عمده زندگي تشكيل شد و در گام ديگر پس از تكميل پرسشنامه ها و رفع نواقص احتمالي، اطلاعات مورد نياز از پرسشنامه ها استخراج شده و جهت رسيدن به اهداف تحقيق تجزيه و تحليل آماري گرديد. بدين منظور از روش آماري مقايسه ميانگين ها و طرح پانل گذشته نگر مبتني بر نگرش سنجي از جامعه نمونه در دو دوره قبل و بعد از اجراي طرح استفاده شد. نتايج بررسي ها در شهر پيشكمر نشان داد ?? درصد پاسخگويان از كيفيت زندگي شان بعد از تجميع روستاها به شهر راضي بودند و تنها كمتر از ? درصد افراد از كيفيت زندگي شان ابراز نارضايتي كردند. ارزيابي رضايت از قلمروهاي مورد استفاده در اين مطالعه نشان مي دهد كه پاسخ دهندگان در شهر پيشكمر بيشترين ميزان رضايت را از قلمرو آموزش و كمترين ميزان رضايت را از قلمرو اشتغال داشته اند.

Planned and involuntary resettlement after natural disasters has been considered as a major policy in post-disaster reconstruction in developing countries over the past few decades. Studies show that resettlement can result in significant adverse impacts on the resettled population. Conversely, a well-planned and managed resettlement process can lead to positive long-term development outcomes. Studies on post-disaster housing in rural areas of Iran reveal that these houses do not respond to all the needs of residents. During August 2005 a heavy rainfall event caused a great flood in Golestan province at North East of Iran. This flood damaged a lot of villages. After considerable and detailed discussions, planners and policy makers decided to relocate a significant number of villages and incorporate smaller villages in larger, pre-existing ones. Finally in this area ?? villages were replaced and integrated in one place. Methodology: In the present study to evaluate the role of integrating villages to city to improve the quality of life the subjective indicators, levels of satisfaction has been used the decuple domains of environmental quality, housing, education, health, personal well-being, participation, entertainment and leisure, information and communication, employment and income and wealth. Research method is descriptive and analytic and to do it about 200 samples from city resident of Pishkamar randomly selected and the effects of integrating villages to improve quality of life have been studied by using subjective indicators. Data collection tool is a researcher-designed questionnaire that was produced according to research objectives. Used Questionnaire is formed mainly by questions with closed answers in Lykert spectrum five scales (much better: 5 to very worse: ?). Discussion and conclusion: results indicate that the integrating villages have been improved the quality of life in city of Pishkamar in domains of Environment, Housing, Education, individual Welfare, participation, information and communication, entertainment and leisure, wealth, health, income and only in the domain of employment has not improved. As indicates the share of each domain in the quality of life is not equal. Domain of education has the highest of causal effect, But domain of employment has lowest of causal effect. The resettlement policy in the study area may have been successful in reducing the flood disaster risk and improved quality of life (by relocating villagers), but it was not successful in permanent job creation. To reduce the negative economic impacts of resettlement, several measures must be implemented, including: strengthening production capacity and skills (through training and technology transfer); a diversification of economic activities (through the establishment of new economic activities and industries consistent with the rural environment); and increased financial support for the most vulnerable communities.