ضماير بازيافتي در زبان فارسي

Resumptive Pronouns in Persian

اين پژوهش به ضماير بازيافتي در زبان فارسي مي‌پردازد. هدف از اين تحقيق، توصيف نحوي ضماير بازيافتي زبان فارسي در چارچوب نظريه حاكميت و مرجع‌گزيني است. جايگاه‌هاي حضور ضمير بازيافتي، عامل «حركت» در فرايند شكل‌گيري ضماير بازيافتي و علت دستوري يا غيردستوري بودن حضور ضماير بازيافتي، موضوعات عمده بررسي شده در اين تحقيق هستند. در اين تحقيق مشخص شد ضماير بازيافتي در زبان فارسي مشتق در پايه هستند و حضورشان در جايگاه‌هايي خاص اجباري است.

This paper, using Government and Binding Theory, deals with resumptive pronouns in Persian. It is concluded that the resumptive pronouns in genetive structures are obligatory. Such pronouns can be absent in genetive position of topicalized structures in the old and literary Persian. They are obligatory in prepositional structures too. The presence of prepositon before the head of relative clauses is possible, if in the of both relative and matrix clause verbs there exist -roles needing a joint preposition by which they are represented. Otherwise, the preposition must be stranded in the relative clause with a resumptive pronoun in the complement position. Resumptive pronouns are optional in the object position of relative clauses but banned in topicalized structures. A trace is prefered in the unmarked subject position of relative clauses but resumptive pronoun occurs when this position is focused and shows a sort of uniqueness. Relative element in Persian relative clauses is a non-overt operator coindexed with resumptive pronouns or traces. Persian language is sensitive to complex noun phrase consraint, and accordingly, in cases where a resumptive pronoun inside a complex noun phrase is coindexed with a non-overt operator out of that complex noun phrase and yet the structure is grammatical, it is concluded that no movement happens. So Persian resumptive pronouns are base-generated. Non-clitic pronouns can not be resumptive in topicalized structures.