الزامات اخلاقي از ديدگاه آيت‌الله مصباح

Moral Obligations in Ayatollah Mohammad Taqi Misbah Viewpoint

الزامات اخلاقي در جايي به كار مي‌رود كه افعال اختياري ما موضوع احكام اخلاقي هستند. مفاهيم الزامي يا به عبارتي «بايدها و نبايدها»، از نظر آيت‌الله مصباح جز مفاهيم فلسفي بوده و بيانگر رابطه واقعي و ضروري بين فعل اختياري انسان و نتايج مترتب بر آن مي‌باشند، نه فاعل و فعل، و اين ضرورت از نوع ضرورت بالقياس الي الغير است. نتيجه مهم اين نظريه اين است كه تمام قضاياي اخلاقي ناظر به واقعيات‌اند، حتي بايدها و نبايدها، و مفهوم اعتباري ضرورت نيز منشا خارجي داشته و حاكي از واقعيت نفس‌الامري است، ازاين‌رو از نظر ايشان مغالطه «هست- بايد» در احكام اخلاقي رخت برمي‌بندد و بر اين اساس، بايدها و نبايد‌ها در واقع ريشه دارند و ابتناي قضاياي ارزشي بر قضاياي ناظر به واقع و حقيقي، ممكن است.

The term moral obligations is used when the moral rules of our volitional acts are examined. Ayatollah Misbah thinks that obligatory concepts, that is "ought tos and ought not tos", are philosophical terms which refer to the real and significant relationship between manʹs volitional act and its consequences. Neither the doer and act nor this necessity constitutes the kind of necessity in relation to something else. The purpose of "ought to" in moral propositions, like natural and mathematical propositions, is to explain the necessity between manʹs volitional act and his desired perfection. The important result of this theory is that all moral propositions, even “ought tos” and “ought not tos”, concern realities. The conventional concept of necessity also has an external origin and indicates the reality in itself. Therefore, the fallacy of "is?ought to" in moral rules is rendered invalid; accordingly, “ought tos” and “ought not tos” have a root in reality, and it is possible that value propositions are based on factual propositions.