تقابل عقل و عشق از ديدگاه عطار

Counteraction of Reason and love from Attarʹʹs point of view

سخن از تقابل ميان عاطفه ازلي بي زوال شورآفرين «عشق» است و بارقه نخستين خلقت يعني «عقل». دو مقوله اي كه همواره تعارض آن دو از مهم ترين مسايل مورد بحث در طول تاريخ عرفاني ادب فارسي بوده است. موضوعي كه پژوهش ها و نقدهاي بسياري در پي داشته است. يافتن پيشينه تاريخي اين تقابل از ميان آثار بزرگان عرفان و تصوف، خود در خور مقاله مفصلي است كه در اين مجمل نمي گنجد. اين مقاله سعي دارد تا ديدگاه عطار را به عنوان يكي از پيش گامان بزرگ شعر عرفاني از اين منظر مورد دقت و توجه قرار دهد. تبيين ديدگاه بزرگ مردي كه مدار اصلي سخن او عشق است و ركن كلامش درد عشق و متدلوژي عرفانش تدوين هفت واديِ سلوكِ عاشقانه سالكان طريقت براي رسيدن به حقيقت.

Counteraction between the eternal sensational sentiment, love and the creationsʹ first spark, reason is the main concern of this article. The two are the most controversial issues during the history of mysticism in the Persian literature, and a subject for many researches and criticisms. Searching to find the historical background of this counteraction in between the works of great mystics, in itself, requires an independent article. This article however attempts to investigate Attarʹs point of view as one of the pioneers of mystical poetry from the aspect of this counteraction. The attempt is also made to show that Attarʹs main preoccupation is love, his words centers around the pain of love and his mystical methodology pictures the journey of the mystic from the start of his pilgrimage to his final attainment as one through seven valleys. Love is a mirror which fully reveals the mystical culture of Attarsʹ works. Although his style in his masnavi is teaching the mystical instructions, in his lyrics, one hears his passionate compositions. Reason is the sole guide of the initiate in the religious law, and he is worthy of servitude. Love is the initiateʹs guide towards divinity. In order to manifest the reflection of love in Attarʹs words and to explain his apprehensions regarding reason and its counteraction with love in his works, definitions of love and reason and their characteristics are given.