تامين امنيت، جبران خسارت و بازگشت به وطن بزهديدگان قاچاق انسان در اسناد فراملي

Safeguarding the Security, Reparation of Injury and Returning the Victims of Human Trafficking to the Country in International Documents

از راهبردهاي مبارزه موثر با قاچاق انسان ـ به عنوان جرمي عليه كرامت انساني‌ـ حمايت از بزهديده است. حمايت از بزهديده جرم قاچاق انسان مبتني بر ارزشهاي حقوق بشري است زيرا بزهديده جرم مرتكب آن نيست و حمايت از او به همكاري بزهديده با مقامات صلاحيتدار اداري و قضايي و به اجراي عدالت مدد مي‌رساند. به علاوه از بزهديدگي دوباره او پيشگيري مي‌كند. بر اين اساس، اسناد فراملي مانند پروتكل پيشگيري، سركوب و مجازات قاچاق اشخاص به ويژه زنان و كودكان سازمان ملل متحد و در موضع برتر كنوانسيون اقدام عليه قاچاق انسان شوراي اروپا، تدابير حمايتي مختلفي را مقرر كرده‌اند كه به بهبودي جسمي، رواني و اجتماعي بزهديده كمك مي‌كند و او را براي بازگشت موفق به خانواده و اجتماعش ياري مي‌كند. سه مورد از اين تدابير عبارتند از: تامين امنيت و سلامت بزهديده؛ جبران خسارات قرباني و در نهايت كمك به بازگشت ترجيحاً اختياري بزهديده به جامعه مبدا. سياست جنايي ايران بايد از راهبرد حمايت از بزهديدگان جرم قاچاق انسان استقبال كند و قوه قانون‌گذاري ايران تدابير حمايتي مناسب و از جمله تدابير سه‌گانه مزبور را، پيش‌بيني كند.

T he protection of the victim is one of the most useful strategies in order to confront the crime of human trafficking as a felony against the human dignity. There is no doubt that the protection of the victim of human trafficking depends on the human rights values and this is because of the fact that he is the victim of the felony and is not the felon. The protection of the victim will lead him to cooperate with competent administrative and judicial authorities and aid to fulfill justice and, additionally, prevent of being a victim of a crime again. On this ground, transnational documents such as United Nations Organization protocol concerning the prevention, suppression and punishment of human trafficking, specially women and children, and in a higher degree European council convention concerning the safeguarding against human trafficking have observed various protection plans, by which help to physical, mental and social improvement of the victim and may contribute to his successful returning to his family. In the following, three instances of these solutions have been suggested: safeguarding the security and healthiness of the victim of a crime, financial reparation of the victim’s damages and helping to his (preferentially voluntary) return to the origin country. It is necessary for the Iranian criminal policy to welcome to the strategy which is selected to protect the victims of human trafficking and Iranian legislative should consider the appropriate protection measures and among them are the three mentioned ones.