روابط عثمانيان و اوزبكان در دوره شاه طهماسب صفوي

The Relations Between the Ottomans and the Uzbeks During the Reign of Shah Tahmaseb, the Safavid Ruler of Persia

عثمانيان در دوره سلطان سليمان قانوني با اشتغال به جنگ‌هاي اروپايي از ديپلماسي نظامي خود در مورد ايران كاستند و حتي از تحريك اوزبكان عليه صفويان خودداري كردند. اما پس از رهايي از جنگ‌هاي اروپايي با تحريك حساسيت‌هاي سياسي و مذهبي اوزبكان، حملات همزماني را در مرزهاي شرقي و غربي ايران آغاز كردند. نه تنها زبان و نژاد مشترك ميان عثمانيان و اوزبكان، كه مذهب مشترك و انديشه تجديد خلافت عامل اتحاد اين دو دولت عليه ادعاهاي سياسي و مذهبي صفويان بود. اين پژوهش درصدد يافتن عوامل و چگونگي اتحاد عثمانيان و اوزبكان در دوره شاه طهماسب صفوي است و قصد دارد سياست‌هاي سلطان سليمان در مورد ايران و به ويژه ديپلماسي وي را نسبت به اوزبكان ماورا النهر ترسيم كند و اثرات اتحاد دو دولت سني مذهب در شرق و غرب ايران را بر حيات دولت صفوي در اين دوران بررسي نمايد. در واقع، مقاله حاضر بخشي از روابط داخلي جهان اسلام را طي سده دهم هجري/ شانزدهم ميلادي مورد بررسي قرار خواهد داد.

During the reign of Sultan Suleiman, the Ottomans were involved in European campaigns, and thus they minimized their military diplomacy against Iran. They even did not arouse the Uzbeks to actions against the Safavids. After the European Campaigns, they aroused religious emotions in the Uzbeks and made some attacks on the Eastern and Western borders of Iran. The Ottomans and the Uzbeks shared the same language, race, and religion. In addition, they were thinking about regaining the rulership. All of these allied the two against the Safavid government with its special political and religious claims.The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors which led to alliance between the Ottomans and the Uzbeks during the reign of Tahmaseb, one of the rulers of the Safavid dynasty. To this end, the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman’s diplomacy with Iran and especially his diplomacy with the Uzbeks of Transoxiana have been considered. Furthermore, the influences of alliance between these two Sunni governments, on the Western and Eastern borders of Iran, on the survival of the Safavid dynasty have been investigated. In other words, this study has investigated some of the relations within the Islamic worlds in the 16th century.