تحليل استراتژي نظامي ايران و مولفه‌هاي آن در عصر شاه عباس بزرگ(996-1038ق)

An analysis of the military strategy of Iran and its indices during the era of Shah Abbas the great(996-1038A.H

شاه‌ عباس يكم در طي چهل و دو سال سلطنت خود (996-1038ق) دولت صفوي را از حالت تزلزل به اوج اقتدار رسانيد. در اوان سلطنت وي، علاوه بر بي‌ثباتي ناشي از بحران‌هاي سياسي داخلي، بخش‌هايي از كشور در غرب و جنوب و شرق در اشغال و تهاجم دشمنان خارجي بود. پرتغالي‌ها بر سواحل و جزاير جنوب، و هندي‌ها معمولاً بر قندهار مسلط بودند. او در سايه‌ي پيروزي‌هاي سرنوشت‌ساز نظامي، ضمن تثبيت اوضاع داخلي، سرزمين‌هاي اشغالي را بازپس گرفت و تهديدهاي موجود در مرزهاي شرقي را نيز رفع كرد. اين همه، ناشي از هدف‌گذاري و اولويت‌بندي صحيح وي در استراتژي نظامي و محاسبات دقيق و اعمال مديريت توانمند و پويا و بهره‌گيري از ابزارها و ساز و كارهاي لازم بود. مقاله‌ي حاضر بر آن است تا اهداف و مراحل استراتژي‌ نظامي شاه‌عباس را مشخص كرده و مولفه‌هاي آن را مشتمل بر تمهيد ساختارهاي اويماقي، سياسي و نظامي، بهره‌گيري از تاكتيك‌هاي مناسب و اعمال ملاحظات و محاسبات در عوامل اقليمي، جغرافيايي، انساني، سياسي، اجتماعي ـ فرهنگي، زماني و مكاني مورد تحليل قرار دهد.

Abstract: Sh?h Abbas I during his forty-two year reign (996-1038 A.H) promoted the Safavid regime and changed it from a weak monarchy to a powerful ruling system. In the first years of his reign, in addition to civil and political disturbances, some parts of the country in the west, the south and the eastern areas were under the invasions and attacks of foreign enemies. The Portuguese were powerful in the southern coasts and the Indians were dominating Qandeh?r. Through very great military victories he not only stabilized the internal affairs of the country, but also defeated the foreign enemies and recaptured the occupied lands and was able to remove the threats in the eastern borders. All these victories were due to his exploitation of the necessary military strategies and his very exact calculations and considerations which were possible through his efficient and dynamic management. The present article attempts to reveal the goals and the steps of the military strategies of Sh?h abbas and intends to analyze his initiatives in terms of the political and, military tactics and his considerations of the geographical, human, political, social, cultural, and local affairs.