بررسي سبك شناسي غزليات شيخ آذري اسفرايني

Investigation of stylistics of lyrics of Sheikhe Azari Sfarayeni

شيخ آذري اسفرايني از عارفان بلند همت و شاعران برجسته قرن نهم هجري بشمار ميرود؛ آذري از جواني شعر ميسرود و شهرتي بهم زده و مدتي هم در دربار تيموريان بود سپس به تصوف روي آورد و نزد شيخ محي الدين طوسي علم حديث آموخت به دليل سكونتش در طوس، به طوسي و به سبب تولدش در اسفراين (784 ه.ق) به اسفرايني مشهور شد و چون متولد آذرماه بود «آذري» تخلص ميكرد. سرانجام در هشتاد و دوسالگي شمع وجود اين شاعر گرانقدر به خاموشي گراييد و به ديدار حق شتافت. زبان شعريش با توجّه به سبك قرن نهم همان زبان عرفاني و عارفانه رايج در «سبك عراقي» است و ديوان اشعارش از لحاظ فنون و صنايع ادبي بسيار غني است. با توجه به نوآوريهايي كه آذري دركاربرد تعبيرات و الفاظ، نوسازي تشبيهات، تصويرسازيها، وسعت دايره لغات نشان داده است؛ در اين مقاله برآنيم تا ويزگيهاي سبك شناسي و نوآوريهايي را كه شاعر در اشعارش بدانها توجه داشته در سه سطح ادبي، فكري و زباني بررسي نماييم.

Sheikhe Azari Sfarayeni is one of the aspiring Gnostic and the significant poem of the ninth century A.H.Azari composed poem in his youngness and become famous and was some times in the imperial court of Teymuraian and the joined to the Sufism and leaned the hedith scientific behind the Sheikh –Mahi-oldim Tusi and because of his residence in Tus, he famoused to Tusi and because of his birth in Sfarayen famoused to Sfarayeni and becauses of his birth was in Azar, he adopted as " Azari". Finally he died in 82 years old. His language poem on the base of the style of ninth century, was the famous runic language in " Araqi Style". And his poetical works of him is full of literature techniques and industrics.Accordong to the innovations that Azari showed in using of pronunciations and meaning innovation of similes, picturing and the expansion of word circulation, we tried investigated the specifics, stylistics and innovations in 3 levels of literature, tought and linguistic that poem pay attention to them in his poetries.