تعالي اعمال و تجسد ارواح

Elevation of Actions and Incarnation of Souls

چگونگي رابطه نفس و مكتسباتش همواره مورد توجه فلاسفه بوده است. در اين ميان نحوه حصول علم و كيفيت تاثير فعل و خُلق بر نفس از وجوه مهم خودشناسي در حكمت متعاليه است. تحقيق در اين مسايل بر پايه مباني‌‌اي چون اصالت وجود، حركت جوهري نفس، اتحاد عاقل و معقول و حدوث جسماني نفس استوار است. ملاصدرا اثبات مي‌‌كند كه حقيقت نفس هر انسان حاصل تروّح (روحاني شدن) خصوصيات علمي و ملكات عملي و رسيدن به مرتبه اعلاي نفس او است؛ همانگونه كه حصول ملكات مختلف، خود مبدا فاعلي صدور اعمال و صور علمي جزيي در مراتب نازل است.

One aspect of self-knowledge is consisted of interaction between soul and actions, ethics and knowledge. According to Sadr?ʹs opinion, soul is united with its acquired knowledge and long-term dispositions. The main Principles of the theory include:nivocal of Entity, (Principality of Existence) and its Gradation) Substantial Motion of Soul,Identity of the Knower and the Known,bodily Contingency,Unity of Soul and Human Body, Reciprocal Causation of Soul and Body. Based on mentioned premises, every human reality at first is in the lowest rank of existence. By conjunction of substantial motion, the soul intensifies until reaches perfections while all result degrees are just the ranks of a single reality. The highest level of soul has all acquired perfections in simple form, whereas the lowest rank (material body)is affected by habits and states of soul.). Middle ranks also are common in impression and impressionability from each other. Therefore, relationship between soul and action is conceived in three species: 1.The presence of mental forms of actions in the soul extent. 2.The presence of habits in soul essence. 3.Incarnation and ideation of long-term dispositions at appropriate forms in physical body.