سيستم حمل و نقل كودك‌محور (رويكردي در جهت به‌يابي استقلال كودكان در سيستم حمل ونقل پايدار)

A child-centered transportation system (Approach in order to achieve independent child travel in a sustainable transportation system)

كمتر والديني علي رغم رفاه دنياي مدرن امروز، آسوده بال كودكش را تنها به سيستم حمل و نقل عمومي مي سپارد. بنابراين معضل استفاده بيش از حد از خودرو براي سفر كودكان به‌همراه والدينشان، پيش خواهد آمد. يكي از موثرترين سيستم هاي سفر در جهت حفظ پايداري شهر دوچرخه و مسيرها و فضاهاي مرتبط با آن است. اما محدوده مسيرهاي موجود نيز به طور عام در نظر گرفته شده و در عمل حس استقلال و نيازهاي كودك را ناديده گرفته است. اين درحالي است كه بيش از 3/1 جمعيت جهان را كودكان تشكيل مي‌دهند؛ اما تضمين ايمني جسمي، فرهنگي، اجتماعي و رواني لازم براي سفر مجرد كودكان در شهر كافي به نظر نمي‌رسد، از آن‌جاكه پژوهش هاي انجام گرفته در اين زمينه، به نيازهاي كودكان به‌طور خاص توجه نكرده‌اند، اين مطالعه ضمن بررسي اسناد كتابخانه اي، سعي در ارايه راه‌كارهايي در جهت حل اين مشكل دارد. بدين گونه ضمن عنوان‌كردن نيازها و ويژگي هاي كودكان و جايگاه آنان در توسعه پايدار كشور و نيز انواع سيستم هاي مسيرهاي دوچرخه؛ دوچرخه‌راه ويژه كودكان به‌عنوان راه‌كاري معمارانه، براي دست‌يابي به استقلال كودك در سيستم حمل ونقل شهري پيشنهاد شده است. هم‌چنين، به بررسي ويژگي‌هاي كودكان و شناخت نيازهاي آنان براي طراحي دوچرخه‌راه دلخواه‌شان پرداخته شده است و تامين اين نيازها در قالب فضاهاي جنبي، نوع مسيرها و فضاسازي در مجاورت دوچرخه‌راه به‌گونه‌اي كه براي كودكان داراي جذابيت و منطبق با نيازهايشان باشد، پيشنهاد شده است.

Despite a move to modern time, few parents trust today’s public transport system to transport their children unaccompanied. Therefore, there is in an increase in the problem of overuse of cars, as these children must then travel with their parents. One of the most effective travel systems to promote the sustainability of a city is based on bicycle paths and related spaces; although the less accessible routes are also considered important. A sense of independence and the childʹs needs are often ignored in society, as they are not usually permitted to cycle independently. However, children account for more than one third of the world’s population; with a valuable wealth that is ignored sometimes due to the application of legal age. Although society is aware of the premise that children are the key to their future and a valuable human resource, ensuring the safety of the physical, cultural, social and psychological needs of children in a single trip is essentially to promote their independence and encourage unaccompanied travel. There is a lack of studies in this regard, therefore there is now a need to pay particular attention to children and their travel needs, and this paper will attempt to determine solution to this problem by way of literature review. In this manner, there will be a study of the needs and characteristics of children, their role in sustainable development and required variations of systems of bicycle routes. The paper will then suggest that the design of children’s bike paths should be based on an architectural approach towards achieving independence for children in the urban transport system. Obviously, these bike paths should be based on a culture of being welcoming towards children and attractive for them, otherwise they will be abandoned and unused. Therefore, the study has examined the characteristics of children and their needs with regards to design of their ideal bike path. This eliminates the need for them to be solely located in peripheral areas, and will focus on the type of bike paths, the creation of an appropriate space in the vicinity of the road, and the need to be attractive and consistent with their needs.