كليدواژه :
تنديس شيرسر مهري , شير گاو اوژن , شير و خورشيد , برج شير
چكيده فارسي :
اين نوشتار تلاش دارد با نگاهي بر اساطير و باورها و نيز نقشمايه هاي به جاي مانده بر روي آثار هنري، كهن الگوي شير را در هنر ايران، ميانرودان و مصر تا آغاز دوران هخامنشي (هنگامه يكي شدن اين فرهنگ ها) پيگيري كند، و در اين راه با پژوهشي كتابخانه اي و موزه اي، به پي جويي تطبيقي و تحليلي ارتباط ميان اين فرهنگ ها بپردازد. شير در انديشه مردمان خاور باستان همواره نماد شهرياري و دلاوري است. نماد سلطنت و نشانه شجاعت. در آثار هنري كنار پادشاهان ايستاده و تنديسش بر گور دليرمردان مي نشيند. سرير ايزدبانوان بر دوشش و تخت شاهان بر پنجه اش استوارند. شير بر در نيايشگاه ها به نگاهباني مي ايستد و نقشش كنده شده بر سنگ، چون نيرويي محافظ به گردن آويخته مي شود. شير از مهم ترين بن مايه ها در آيين مهر و نماد رده چهارم اين دين است. شير آسماني نشان تابستان است و سرشتي آتشين دارد. در اخترشناسي برج شير خانه خورشيد است و اين دو چنان در هم مي آميزند كه نقش شير و خورشيد به نماد شاهنشاهي ايران بدل مي گردد. در كنار بررسي انديشه ديگر پژوهشگران، شير گاو شكن را نشانه سپيده دم يا نوروز مي دانيم.
چكيده لاتين :
This article tries to have a look at the prototype of "Lion" in ancient Iran, Mesopotamia and Egypt to the Achaemenid era (uproar of these cultures combination) by researching their myths and beliefs and also looking at the motifs of their artifacts. With a comparative analysis we hope to find other evidences about cultural relationships between these cultures. Lion as symbol of imperial power and gallantry: Lion in the ancient Middle Eastern people ideas is a symbol of courage and monarchy . He / she is standing beside the kings in artifacts and sitting on the graves of knights, imperial seals were also decorated with carved lions. Lions have been widely used in sculpture and statuary to provide a sense of majesty and awe, especially on public buildings. In these cultures, thrones have always made with lion claw shaped pedestals. Lion as religious guardian: Goddesses of ancient Middle East (like Inanna, Ishtar, Qadesh or Anahita) sometimes have portrayed standing on a lion. Through the Ishtar gate of Babylon ran the processional way, which was lined with walls covered in lions on glazed bricks. Sekhmet (Baset) in ancient Egypt was depicted as a lioness, the fiercest hunter known to the Egyptians. It was said that her breath created the desert. She was seen as the protector of the pharaohs and led them in warfare. Sekhmet was considered to be the mother of Maahes. He was seen as a lion prince, the son of the goddess. Lion in jewelry always play his / her role as a protective force. Mithraic lion: One of the most characteristic features of the world mysteries is the naked lion-headed figure often found in Mithraic temples. While some scholars identify the lion man as Aion (Zurvan, or Kronos) others assert that it is Ahriman. Although the exact identity of the lion-headed figure is debated by scholars, it is largely agreed that the god is associated with time and seasonal change. Also lion is the fourth grade of Mithraism. Lion in astronomy: Leo (?) is the fifth astrological sign of the Zodiac. In astrology, Leo is considered to be a masculine, positive sign. It is also considered a fire sign ruled by the Sun. Lion and sun: The lion and sun motif is based largely on astronomical configurations, and the ancient zodiacal sign of the sun in the house of Leo. Lion and sun will become a symbol of royalty in Iranian flag and coins. Lion attacking a bull: The lion - bull motif is a persistent Near Eastern motif. It occurs 27 times at Persepolis and many times in seals, engravings, pottery etc. It is a common motif used for the glorification of royal power, seasonal cycle, and maybe a sign of down or Nowruz (the new year) which took place in first day of spring in Iranian culture.
