وضعيت تصرفات ناقل عين مرهونه از سوي راهن (مطالعه فقهي- حقوقي)

Situation of Transmitting Possessions of the Pledged by Mortgager (Legal-Religious Studies

از مسايل مهم راجع به حق مرتهن، مسيله وضع حقوقي قراردادهاي ناقل عين از جمله فروش عين مرهونه توسط راهن است. در اين خصوص بر اساس نظر مشهور فقهي نفوذ قراردادهاي مزبور نيازمند اذن يا اجازه مرتهن است. اهم ادله ايشان، اجماع، برخي روايات و منافات تصرفات ناقله مزبور با حق مرتهن عنوان گرديده است. ليكن موارد مزبور قابل خدشه است؛ زيرا اجماع مزبور مدركي بوده، معتبر نيست، روايت استنادي نيز از حيث سند و دلالت محل تامل است. نيز منافات ميان تصرفات مزبور و حق مرتهن محل ترديد است. با بررسيهاي فقهي و حقوقي انجام شده به نظر مي‌رسد نظريه‌اي كه تصرفات ناقل عين را منافي با حق مرتهن ندانسته و اين دو را با يكديگر قابل جمع مي‌دانند، مباني استدلالي قوي‌تري دارند. هرچند غالب حقوق‌دانان و رويه قضايي گرايش به نظر مشهور فقهي دارند. در عين حال در مورد اثر اذن يا اجازه مرتهن نيز اختلاف است و مشهور آن را موجب اسقاط حق مرتهن به شمار مي‌آورند. حال آنكه به نظر مي‌رسد بقاي حق علي‌رغم اذن يا تنفيذ مرتهن، ترجيح دارد، جز در مواردي كه اذن يا اجازه، دلالت بر قصد مرتهن مبني بر اسقاط حق خويش نمايد.

O ne of the important issues of the right of mortgaged is the legal situation of the transmitting contracts of the property including mortgage property by mortgagor. In accordance with the legal famous view, the influence of mentioned contracts needs the permission of the mortgaged in this respect. The important reasons are consensus, some traditions and incompatibility of mentioned transmitting possession with the rights of mortgaged. But the mentioned cases are disputable, because the consensus is depending on the reason and it is invalid and the tradition is also questionable in document and denotation. Incompatibility of the mentioned taking possessions with the right of mortgaged is doubtable too. Legal and juridical studding, it seems that the idea that transmitting possessions is not incompatible with the right of mortgaged and these two can be gather together has a solid reasoning, even though the most of lawyers and judicial procedure tend to legal famous view. However, there is dispute about the influence permission of the mortgaged and the famous view regards it as the waiver. But in spite of the permission or confirming of the mortgaged, it seems that remaining of the right is preferred except cases that permission denotes that the mortgaged has intended to waive his right. Key words: Mortgage, Mortgager, Mortgaged, Incompatible possessions, Transmitting possession of the property, Permission.