پديد آورندگان :
اسدي، سعيد نويسنده دانشجوي دكترا و مدرس گروه هنرهاي نمايشي و موسيقي، پرديس هنرهاي زيبا، Asadi, Saied , فربد، فرهنگ نويسنده دانشگاه تهران,پرديس هنرهاي زيبا، دانشكده هنرهاي نمايشي و موسيقي ,
كليدواژه :
آرتور ميلر , نشانه‌شناسي , پيرس , مرگ فروشنده , نام‌شناسي
چكيده فارسي :
اين نوشتار در باب نام‌شناسي بر اساس نشانه‌شناسيِ نام شخصيت‌ها در نمايشنامه است و مي‌كوشد با توجه به دانش نام‌شناسي و تكيه بر روش نشانه‌شناسيِ پيرس به دلالت هاي گوناگون چون دلالت شمايلي، نمايه‌اي و نمادين نام‌هاي شخصيت‌هاي نمايشي بپردازد. از آنجا كه دانش نام‌شناسي يكي از امكانات تحليلي در باب شناخت شخصيت ادبي– نمايشي در نظريات جديد است و در حوزه‌ي مطالعات نمايشي ايران ناديده گرفته شده است اين مقاله مي‌كوشد با اشاره به اين دانش ضمن معرفي، نمونه‌اي از اين تحليل را ارايه دهد. بايد اشاره كرد به دليل اهميت كار پيرس يعني مطرح كردن نشانه با تصاوير، مبنا و الگوي مناسبي براي بررسي آثار هنري به ويژه در حوزه‌هاي تياتر و سينما به دست مي‌دهد و بر همين اساس نشانه‌شناسي پيرس در مقاله‌ي موجود بر همعصر خود يعني سوسور ترجيح است چرا كه تمركز سوسور در نشانه‌شناسي بر روي زبان است. بنابر اين پژوهش در اثر نمونه روشن مي‌شود كه رابطه‌اي مستقيم و كاربردي ميان نام اشخاص نمايش و درون‌مايه و كنش‌هاي نمايشي وجود دارد. بر اساس همين يافته به نام‌شناسيِ نشانه‌‌شناختي شخصيت‌هاي نمايشي نمايشنامه مرگِ فروشنده اثر آرتور ميلر پرداخته شده است. در ضمن اين پژوهش بيانگر توجه آرتور ميلر به جنبه‌هاي دلالت‌گر نام‌ها در نام‌گذاري اشخاص نمايش به طور خودآگاه و نا‌خودآگاه است.
چكيده لاتين :
This article, in an onomastic framework, is based in the semiotics of characters’ names, and tries to study the names of the dramatic characters’ names according to the different references introduced by C. S. Pierce such as iconic, indexical and symbolic references.Since the knowledge of onomastics is one of the analytical means with respect to knowing the literary- dramatic characters in the modern theories, and has been neglected in the domain of dramatic studies in Iran, this article aims to introduce this knowledge, as well as providing an onomastic analysis of a dramatic text. It should be noted that Pierce’s framework has been chosen due to the fact that it provides us with a picture-based framework of semiotic studies, and therefore paves the way for the semiotic studies in the field of arts, especially cinema and theater. That is why this framework had been placed in priority rather than that of Ferdinand de Saussure’s, which is mainly based on language. The results of this study reveal that there is a direct and functional relationship between the names of the characters of the play, with the theme and the actions of the dramatic text. According to the same achievement, the article has done an onomastic study of the names of the characters in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman. The study proves that Miller in his choice of names of his characters, has paid a purposeful attention to the referential aspects of the names. As noted earlier, the base on this article is held on Pierceʹs semiotics. Pierce has classified the signs into three groups, of which the third group is the best-known. In this classification, the signs are either iconic, indexical or symbolic. The iconic sign. Is the same as photo, in which there is a similarity between the form and the concept. The indexical sign is like the smoke, which is a sign of fire, in which the form points to the concept or is related to it. The symbolic sign, like pigeon as a symbol of peace, is the one in which the relationship between the form and the concept is conventional and formal, and there is no similarity between the form and the concept. Some of such signs may be found in the play Death of a Salesman, which have been thoroughly studied in the body of the article. Biff, Willy Lomanʹs oldest child, according to English-Persian Dictionary means hitting. His behavior in some parts of the play such his quarrel with the others, as well as his favorite sport (footbal) approve his name, which is in direct relation with his deeds in the play. As a result, his name may be analysed within the framework of iconic signs. The major sources used for this research are Grammar of Names, and Oxford Dictionary of First Names and Oxford Dictionary of Surnames. Since this is the first research of its kind in Iran, we hope that it paves the way for other similar works, with emphasis on the Iranian plays too.
