تبيين اعمال مذهبي: مدلي نظري و آزموني تجربي

Explanation of Religious Behaviors: A Theoretical Model & Empirical Test

اعمال مذهبي در قالب مناسك و شعاير، به عنوان مشهودترين جلوه دين در جامعه، از اهميت به‌سزايي براي جامعه‌شناسان برخوردارند. در تبيين اعمال مذهبي، تيوري‌هاي محروميت، جامعه‌پذيري مذهبي، و اعتقادات آموزه‌اي سه رويكرد نظري عمده و مسلط در تحقيقات جامعه‌شناسي محسوب مي‌شوند. در اين مقاله پژوهشي تلاش شده است كه از سويي، ايده‌هاي اساسي اين سه تيوري در مدلي نظري تلفيق گردد تا بر غناي تبييني موضوع تحقيق يعني اعمال مذهبي افزوده شود و از سويي ديگر، بعضي پيش‌بيني‌هاي رقيب اين سه تيوري مورد ارزيابي تجربي قرار گيرد تا مرجح بودن هر يك از آنان آشكارتر گردد. مدل نظري تدوين شده با داده‌هاي حاصل از جمعيت ملّي ايرانيان (4937 = n) مقابله شد تا ميزان برازش تجربي آن آشكار شود. به‌طور كلي نتايج حاصل از اين تحقيق نشان داد كه مدل نظري منبعث از تيوري هاي مزبور به‌طور كلي و يك‌جا توانست حدود سه چهارم (73 درصد) از تغييرات اعمال مذهبي افراد تحت مطالعه را توضيح دهد. با وجود اين، تيوري محروميت نتوانست حمايت تجربي به دست آورد. همچنين، يافته‌هاي اين تحقيق بار ديگر بر اهميت جامعه‌پذيري مذهبي صحه گذاشت و نشان داد كه اعمال مذهبي افراد عمدتاً تابع مستقيمي از تجربيات جامعه‌پذيري مذهبي آنان است.

Explanation of Religious Behaviors: A Theoretical Model & Empirical Test MR. Taleban Abstract: Religious behaviors in the form of rituals and ceremonies, as the most obvious manifestation of religion in society, have great importance for sociologists. For explaining religious behaviors, theories of deprivation, religious socialization, and doctrinal beliefs are three major and dominant theoretical approaches in sociological researches. In the present research article an attempt has been made, first, to combine the basic ideas of these three theories in a theoretical model for added richness of explanation of the topic namely, religious behaviors, and in the second step, some competing predictions of these theories are made to empirically evaluate and to clearly determine which of them are preferable. Finally, the developed theoretical model was tested by data obtained from the National Iranian population (n = 4937) to find out the level of empirical fitness. Overall, the results of this study indicate that theoretical model derived from aforesaid theories, generally and in sum, could explain about three-quarters (73 precent) of variance of Religious behaviors. However, the theory of deprivation failed to obtain empirical support. Also, the findings of the present research once again proved the importance of religious socialization and indicated that religious behaviors are more direct function of their religious socialization experiences. Key Concepts: Sociology of Religion; Religious Behaviors; Theory of Deprivation; Theory of Socialization; Theory of Doctrinal beliefs; Religious Belonging; LISREL; Path Analysis