چيستي وجاودانگي نفس ازمنظر ملاصدرا واسپينوزا

Essence and immortality of soul from viewpoint of molla sadra and Spinoza

دراين مقاله به بررسي تطبيقي ديدگاه ملاصدرا واسپينوزا درباره چيستي وجاودانگي نفس پرداخته شده است . ملاصدرا واسپينوزا باتوجه به اصول ، تعاريف وروش فلسفي خود به بقاي نفس معتقدند وآن را جاويدان مي دانند ملاصدرا براي جاودانگي نفس ازاصل حركت جوهري استفاده مي كند واسپينوزا از اصل صيانت ذات ( كوشش براي حفظ ذات ) بهره مي گيرد . اسپينوزا نفس راجوهر نمي داند بلكه آن را صفت يا حالتي ازعلم خداوند بشمار مي آورد وچون علم خداوند جاويدان است نفس نيز بواسطه آن جاويدان خواهد شد . درصورتي كه ملاصدرا معتقد است كه نفس جوهر است وداراي دومرتبه وجودي وحادث به حدوث بدن است . درابتداي حدوث ، وجودي جسماني دارد ولي دراثر حركت جوهري استكمال پيدا مي كند وبه مرتبه تجرد عقلاني مي رسد ودراين مرتبه نيازي به بدن ندارد وتاابد باقي وجاويدان خواهد ماند .

The goal of this study is comparative consideration of opinion of two grate philosophers name Molla sadra and Spinoza in the field of self permanency and this study was performed according to library method . The resultof this study is this that Molla sadra considers the self as the first purification for organic natural body and he believes that the self is a single essence that differs from allegory .Also he belives that the complete narrative selves in the world of differences ، before illustration in the natural wprld ، ate related to a single collective and intellectual essence . Then they arrive to the natural world and Change to a bodily form and after that by the way of capturing body، gradually become complete in the essence dimension and reach to the intellectual status and again they leave the natural world and permanently exist in this condition . So Malla sadra believes in » bodily occurrence and spiritual stability of the essence « But Spinoza considers The self llike imagination of minor thing that exist actually . Also he believes that the self tries in its existence to become permanently stable and also is inform from its own attempting . So Spinoza like Molla sadra believes in permanency and eternity ، based on his own special discipline and direction .