چالش برون‌فقهي اجراي حدود در عصر غيبت

Extra-Juridical Challenges Faced by Implementation of Fixed religious punishments in the Time of Occultation

اجراي حدود در عصر حاضر يكي از موضوعات چالش‌برانگيز است. اجراي حدود افزون بر چالش‌هاي درون‌فقهي كه ناظر بر اقامه‌كننده حدود مي‌باشد، با چالش‌هاي برون‌فقهي نيز مواجه است. اين چالش‌ها به طرح دو نظريه اجرا و تعطيلي حدود منجر گشته است. گروهي با تمسك به جاودانگي احكام اسلام و تشريع احكام بر مبناي مصالح و مفاسد منطبق با فطرت انساني معتقد به اجراي حدود در عصر غيبت مي‌باشند. در مقابل، عده‌اي به دليل عصري و ترهيبي‌ بودن مجازات‌هاي حدي و تعارض آن با يافته‌هاي كيفرشناسي، خواهان تعطيلي احكام جزايي اسلام به ويژه حدود هستند. اين مقاله با بررسي چالش‌هاي برون‌فقهي آشكار مي‌سازد، چالش‌هاي مطرح‌شده از آن اندازه قوت، بهره‌مند نيستند تا بتوانند مجازات‌هاي حدي را به عنوان حكم اولي تعطيل نمايند.

Implementation of fixed religious punishments in the present time is one of the challenging issues. In addition to intra-juridical challenges concerning those who implement fixed religious punishments, implementation of such punishments faces extra-juridical challenges as well. Because of these challenges, two doctrines have been introduced: implementation and abandonment [of fixed religious punishments]. Based on permanence of Islamic ordinances and the fact that ordinances have been introduced on the basis of interests and disinterests which are in accord to manʹs innate nature, some scholars are of the opinion that fixed religious punishments should be implemented in the Time of Occultation. On the contrary, some others are of the opinion that, since fixed religious punishments are temporal and mean to produce intimidation and since they are in conflict with findings of criminology, Islamic penal ordinances and in particular those concerning fixed religious punishments should be abandoned. Studying extra-juridical challenges, the present article clarifies that such challenges are not so strong that fixed religious punishment as a primary ordinance may be abandoned based on them.